Florfenicol, he synthetic monofluorinated derivative o thiamphenicol, he lāʻau antibacterial ākea ākea hou o chloramphenicol no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona, i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia i ka hopena o 1980s.
I ka hihia o nā maʻi pinepine, nui nā māla puaʻa e hoʻohana pinepine i ka florfenicol e pale a mālama paha i nā maʻi puaʻa.ʻAʻohe ʻano maʻi, ʻaʻohe hui a pae paha, hoʻohana kekahi poʻe mahiʻai i ka super-dose o florfenicol e mālama a pale i ka maʻi.ʻAʻole ʻo Florfenicol kahi panacea.Pono e hoʻohana pono i ka hopena i makemake ʻia.Eia ka wehewehe kikoʻī i ka manaʻo maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka florfenicol, me ka manaʻo e kōkua i nā mea āpau:
1. Nā waiwai antibacterial o florfenicol
(1) ʻO Florfenicol kahi lāʻau antibiotic me kahi ākea antibacterial spectrum e kūʻē i nā ʻano bacteria Gram-positive a maikaʻi ʻole a me ka mycoplasma.ʻO nā maʻi bacteria maʻamau ka bovine a me ka puaʻa Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, etc.
(2) Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua in vitro a me in vivo he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana antibacterial ma mua o nā lāʻau antibacterial o kēia manawa, e like me thiampenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin a me nā quinolones i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa.
(3) ʻO ka wikiwiki, hiki i ka florfenicol ke hiki i ka therapeutic concentration i loko o ke koko 1 hola ma hope o ka intramuscular injection, a hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ka lāʻau i nā hola 1.5-3;Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau ma mua o 20 mau hola ma hope o hoʻokahi lawelawe.
(4) Hiki iā ia ke komo i ka pale koko-lolo, a ʻaʻole hoʻohālikelike kona hopena therapeutic i ka maningitis bacterial holoholona me nā lāʻau antibacterial ʻē aʻe.
(5) ʻAʻohe ona mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia, lanakila i ka pōʻino o ka anemia aplastic a me nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e ka thiamphenicol, a ʻaʻole e hōʻeha i nā holoholona a me ka meaʻai.Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā maʻi o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria i loko o nā holoholona.ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā puaʻa, me ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu bacterial, maningitis, pleurisy, mastitis, maʻi ʻōpū a me ka maʻi postpartum i nā puaʻa.
2. ʻO ka maʻi bacteria maʻalahi o ka florfenicol a me ka maʻi puaʻa florfenicol makemake
(1) ʻO nā maʻi puaʻa kahi i makemake ʻia ai ka florfenicol
Manaʻo ʻia kēia huahana ma ke ʻano he lāʻau i koho ʻia no ka pneumonia puaʻa, porcine infectious pleuropneumonia a me Haemophilus parasuis maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria kū i ka fluoroquinolones a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.
(2) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Florfenicol no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi puaʻa
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu i hana ʻia e nā Streptococcus (pneumonia), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (swine asthma), etc.;salmonellosis (ka puaʻa paratyphoid), colibacillosis (puaʻa hānō) ʻO nā maʻi o ka digestive tract e like me ka enteritis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi melemele, ka diarrhea keʻokeʻo, ka maʻi edema puaʻa) a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Florfenicol no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau maʻi puaʻa, akā ʻaʻole ia ka lāʻau i koho ʻia no kēia mau maʻi puaʻa, no laila e hoʻohana ʻia me ka akahele.
3. Hoʻohana pono ʻole i ka florfenicol
(1) He nui a liʻiliʻi paha ka nui.Hiki i ka 400 mg/kg kekahi mau mea hānai hui, a hiki i ka 40-100 mg/kg, a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe.ʻO kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi e like me 8 ~ 15mg / kg.He mea make nā lāʻau nui, a ʻaʻole pono nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi.
(2) He lōʻihi loa ka manawa.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka manawa lōʻihi me ke kaohi ʻole.
(3) He hewa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea a me nā pae.Hoʻohana nā puaʻa hāpai a me nā puaʻa momona i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ke ʻano ʻole, e hōʻeha ai i nā mea ʻona a i ʻole nā koena lāʻau, e hopena i ka hana palekana a me ka meaʻai.
(4) Kūlike kūpono ʻole.Hoʻohana pinepine kekahi poʻe i ka florfenicol i hui pū me nā sulfonamides a me nā cephalosporins.He mea ʻepekema a kūpono paha ke ʻimi.
(5) ʻAʻole i hoʻoulu like ʻia ka hānai ʻana a me ka lawelawe ʻana, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau make.
4. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mālama florfenicol
(1) ʻAʻole pono e hui pū ʻia kēia huahana me nā macrolides (e like me tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, etc.), lincosamide (Pēlā me lincomycin, clindamycin) a me nā hui antibiotic semi-synthetic diterpenoid ke hoʻohui ʻia hiki ke hana i ka hopena antagonistic.
(2) ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana me ka β-lactone amines (e like me penicillins, cephalosporins) a me nā fluoroquinolones (e like me enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), no ka mea, ʻo kēia huahana he mea pale o ka bacterial protein Synthetic fast-acting bacteriostatic agent , ʻo ka hope he bactericide wikiwiki i ka wā hānau.Ma lalo o ka hana a ka mea mua, ua pāpā koke ʻia ka synthesis protein bacterial, ua pau ka hua bacteria i ka ulu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, a ua nāwaliwali ka hopena bactericidal o ka hope.No laila, i ka wā e pono ai ka mālama ʻana i ka hopena sterilization wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia.
(3) ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia huahana me ka sodium sulfadiazine no ka injection intramuscular.ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau alkaline i ka wā i lawelawe ʻia ma ka waha a i ʻole intramuscularly, i mea e pale aku ai i ka decomposition a me ka hemahema.ʻAʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka intravenous me ka tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, etc., e pale i ka ua a me ka emi ʻana o ka pono.
(4) Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka ʻiʻo a me ka necrosis ma hope o ka hoʻokele intramuscular.No laila, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā ʻiʻo hohonu o ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī, ʻaʻole pono e hana hou i nā injections ma ka pūnaewele hoʻokahi.
(5) No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka embryotoxicity o kēia huahana, pono e hoʻohana ʻia me ka akahele i nā lūlū hāpai a me ka lactating.
(6) Ke kiʻekiʻe ka wela o ke kino o nā puaʻa maʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka analgesics antipyretic a me ka dexamethasone, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.
(7) I ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka porcine respiratory syndrome (PRDC), ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o florfenicol a me amoxicillin, florfenicol a me tylosin, a me florfenicol a me tylosin.Kūpono, no ka mea, mai kahi ʻano pharmacological, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻelua i ka hui pū ʻana.Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka florfenicol me nā tetracyclines e like me doxycycline.
(8) Loaʻa kēia huahana i ka ʻona hematological.ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka anemia aplastic marrow iwi, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka pale ʻana i ka erythropoiesis ma mua o ka chloramphenicol (nā kīnā).Ua contraindicated i loko o ka vaccination manawa a holoholona me ka koʻikoʻi immunodeficiency.
(9) Hiki i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi digestive a me ka hemahema o ka huaora a i ʻole nā hōʻailona superinfection.
(10) I ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi puaʻa, pono e mālama ʻia, a pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke ʻano i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole pono e hana ʻino ʻia e pale aku i nā hopena ʻino.
(11) No nā holoholona me ka lawa ʻole o ka renal, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui a i ʻole e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka wā lawelawe.
(12) Inā he haʻahaʻa ka wela, ʻike ʻia he lohi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana;a i ʻole ka wai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia he florfenicol, a pono e hoʻomehana iki ʻia (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 45 ℃) e hoʻopau koke i nā mea āpau.Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o 48 mau hola.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-09-2022