ʻO FlorfenicolʻO , kahi derivative monofluorinated synthetic o thiamphenicol, he lāʻau antibacterial ākea ākea hou o chloramphenicol no ka hoʻohana holoholona, i hoʻomohala pono ʻia i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1980.
I ke ʻano o nā maʻi pinepine, hoʻohana pinepine nā mahiʻai puaʻa he nui i ka florfenicol e pale a mālama paha i nā maʻi puaʻa. ʻAʻohe mea he aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻaʻohe mea he aha ka hui a i ʻole ke kahua, hoʻohana kekahi poʻe mahiʻai i ka super-dose o florfenicol e mālama a pale paha i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole ʻo Florfenicol he panacea. Pono e hoʻohana pono ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hopena i makemake ʻia. Eia kahi hoʻolauna kikoʻī i ka manaʻo maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka florfenicol, me ka manaʻolana e kōkua i nā mea āpau:
1. Nā waiwai antibacterial o florfenicol
(1) He lāʻau antibiotic ʻo Florfenicol me kahi spectrum antibacterial ākea e kūʻē i nā bacteria Gram-positive a me nā bacteria maikaʻi ʻole a me mycoplasma. ʻO nā bacteria maʻalahi e komo pū me ka bipi a me ka puaʻa Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena pale.
(2) Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua in vitro a me in vivo he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana antibacterial ma mua o nā lāʻau antibacterial o kēia manawa, e like me ka thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin a me nā quinolones i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa.
(3) Hiki i ka florfenicol ke hana wikiwiki i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke koko i hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ke kino, a hiki ke hiki i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe i loko o 1.5-3 mau hola; hiki ke mālama ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau koko hana lōʻihi a maikaʻi no nā hola he 20 ma hope o hoʻokahi hoʻokele ʻana.
(4) Hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o ka pale koko-lolo, a ʻo kona hopena therapeutic i ka meningitis bacteria holoholona ʻaʻole ia e like me nā lāʻau antibacterial ʻē aʻe.
(5) ʻAʻohe ona hopena ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia, lanakila i ka pōʻino o ka anemia aplastic a me nā mea ʻawahia ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka thiamphenicol, a ʻaʻole e hōʻeha i nā holoholona a me ka meaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā maʻi o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria i nā holoholona. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā puaʻa, me ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu bacteria, meningitis, pleurisy, mastitis, nā maʻi ʻōpū a me ka postpartum syndrome i nā puaʻa.
2. Nā bacteria palupalu o florfenicol a me ka maʻi puaʻa florfenicol makemake ʻia
(1) Nā maʻi puaʻa kahi i makemake ʻia ai ka florfenicol
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia huahana ʻo ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau koho no ka maʻi pneumonia puaʻa, ka pleuropneumonia maʻi porcine a me ka maʻi Haemophilus parasuis, ʻoiai no ka mālama ʻana i nā bacteria i kūʻē i nā fluoroquinolones a me nā antibiotics ʻē aʻe.
(2) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Florfenicol no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi puaʻa ma lalo nei
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā Streptococcus like ʻole (pneumonia), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (swine asthma), etc.; salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (piglet asthma) nā maʻi ʻōpū e like me ka enteritis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka diarrhea melemele, ka diarrhea keʻokeʻo, ka maʻi piglet edema) a me nā bacteria ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Florfenicol no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau maʻi puaʻa, akā ʻaʻole ia ka lāʻau i koho ʻia no kēia mau maʻi puaʻa, no laila pono e hoʻohana ʻia me ke akahele.
3. Hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻia o florfenicol
(1) Nui loa a liʻiliʻi paha ka nui o ka lāʻau. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau hānai hui ʻia ke hōʻea i 400 mg/kg, a hiki i nā lāʻau inikini ke hōʻea i 40-100 mg/kg, a ʻoi aku paha. He liʻiliʻi kekahi e like me 8~15mg/kg. He mea ʻawahia nā lāʻau nui, a ʻaʻole pono nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.
(2) Ua lōʻihi loa ka manawa. Kekahi hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ke kāohi ʻole.
(3) He hewa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea a me nā kahua. Hoʻohana nā puaʻa wahine hāpai a me nā puaʻa momona i kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau me ka manaʻo ʻole, e hoʻoulu ai i ka lāʻau make a i ʻole nā koena lāʻau lapaʻau, e hopena ana i ka hana palekana ʻole a me ka meaʻai.
(4) Hoʻohālikelike kūpono ʻole. Hoʻohana pinepine kekahi poʻe i ka florfenicol me nā sulfonamides a me nā cephalosporins. Inā he ʻepekema a kūpono hoʻi, he mea kūpono ke noiʻi ʻana.
(5) ʻAʻole i hoʻoulu like ʻia ka hānai ʻana a me ka lawelawe ʻana, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau make.
4. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana palekana florfenicol
(1) ʻAʻole pono e hui pū ʻia kēia huahana me nā macrolides (e like me tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, etc.), lincosamide (E like me lincomycin, clindamycin) a me nā antibiotics semi-synthetic diterpenoid - ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o Tiamulin, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai hiki ke hana i ka hopena antagonistic.
(2) ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana me nā β-lactone amines (e like me nā penicillins, cephalosporins) a me nā fluoroquinolones (e like me enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, a pēlā aku), no ka mea, he mea hoʻopaʻa kēia huahana i ka protein bacteria Synthetic fast-acting bacteriostatic agent, ʻo ka mea hope he bactericide wikiwiki i ka wā hoʻoulu. Ma lalo o ka hana a ka mea mua, ua pale koke ʻia ka synthesis protein bacteria, ua oki ka bacteria i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, a ua nāwaliwali ka hopena bactericidal o ka mea hope. No laila, i ka wā e pono ai ka lāʻau e hoʻokō i kahi hopena sterilization wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia.
(3) ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia kēia huahana me ka sulfadiazine sodium no ka inikini intramuscular. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia me nā lāʻau alkaline i ka wā e lawelawe ʻia ai ma ka waha a i ʻole intramuscularly, i mea e pale aku ai i ka palaho a me ka hāʻule ʻana. ʻAʻole kūpono hoʻi no ka inikini intravenous me ka tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, a pēlā aku, i mea e pale aku ai i ka ua a me ka emi ʻana o ka pono.
(4) Hiki ke hana ʻia ka degeneration a me ka necrosis o nā ʻiʻo ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ke kino. No laila, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻiʻo hohonu o ka ʻāʻī a me nā puʻupuʻu, a ʻaʻole pono e hana hou i nā hoʻokomo ʻana ma kahi like.
(5) No ka mea he embryotoxicity paha kēia huahana, pono e hoʻohana ʻia me ke akahele i nā puaʻa hāpai a me nā puaʻa hānai.
(6) Ke kiʻekiʻe ke kino o nā puaʻa maʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā analgesics antipyretic a me dexamethasone, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.
(7) I ke kāohi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hanu puaʻa (PRDC), paipai kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o florfenicol a me amoxicillin, florfenicol a me tylosin, a me florfenicol a me tylosin. Kūpono, no ka mea, mai kahi manaʻo pharmacological, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia nā mea ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka florfenicol me nā tetracyclines e like me doxycycline.
(8) Loaʻa i kēia huahana ka ʻawahia hematological. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka anemia aplastic irreversible bone marrow, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka pale ʻana o ka erythropoiesis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ia ma mua o ka chloramphenicol (kīnā). Kūʻē ʻia i ka wā hoʻopili a i ʻole nā holoholona me ka immunodeficiency koʻikoʻi.
(9) ʻO ka hoʻohana lōʻihi e hiki ke hana i nā maʻi ʻōpū a me ka nele o ka huaora a i ʻole nā hōʻailona superinfection.
(10) I ke kāohi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi puaʻa, pono e akahele, a pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke ana i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana hewa ʻia e pale aku i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
(11) No nā holoholona me ka lawa ʻole o ka puʻupaʻa, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau a i ʻole e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa lawelawe.
(12) I ka wā o ka mahana haʻahaʻa, ua ʻike ʻia he lohi ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana; a i ʻole he ua o florfenicol ka hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a pono wale nō e hoʻomehana iki ʻia (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 45 ℃) e hoʻoheheʻe koke. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o 48 mau hola.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-09-2022