Ke hōʻike nei ʻo PermaNet Dual, kahi ʻupena huila deltamethrin-clofenac hou, i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono e kūʻē i nā makika Anopheles gambiae pale pyrethroid ma ka hema o Benin.

I nā hoʻokolohua ma ʻApelika, hana ʻia nā ʻupena moePYRETHROIDaFIPRONILUa hōʻike ʻia nā hopena entomological a me epidemiological.Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noi no kēia papa pūnaewele hou ma nā ʻāina malaria-endemic.ʻO PermaNet Dual he deltamethrin hou a me ka clofenac mesh i hoʻomohala ʻia e Vestergaard Sàrl e hāʻawi i nā mana hou i nā papahana hoʻomalu malaria.Ua alakaʻi mākou i kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻokele pailaka no ka loiloi ʻana i ka pono o PermaNet Dual e kūʻē i nā makika Anopheles gambiae ʻāhiu, lele manuahi ʻole pyrethroid-resistant ma Cove, Benin.Ua hoʻonui ʻo PermaNet Dual i ka make o ka makika inā ʻaʻole holoi ʻia ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻupena i loaʻa ka pyrethroid wale nō a me nā ʻupena i loaʻa ka pyrethroid a me PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% no PermaNet Dual, 23% no PermaNet 2.0 a me 23% no PermaNet 3.0) 56% p <0.001) ma hope o 0.001 mau makahiki. .nā holoi maʻamau (75% no PermaNet Dual, 14% no PermaNet 2.0, 30% no PermaNet 3.0, p <0.001).Ke hoʻohana nei i nā palena palena ʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka World Health Organization, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ʻo PermaNet Dual i ka make lawe lawe i ka pyrethroid-clofenazoline, ka mea i hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka waiwai olakino lehulehu (Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76).%, OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719–1.073), akā ʻaʻole no ka pale ʻana i ke koko (35% vs. 26%, OR = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177–1.723).He koho hou ʻo PermaNet Dual i kēia ʻano ʻupena maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā makika pale pyrethroid.
ʻO nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i ka lāʻau insecticide (ITNs) ʻo ia ka ʻoi loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia e pale i ka malaria.Ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou e hōʻemi i ka maʻi maʻi malaria a me ka make ma ka hoʻāʻo a me nā kūlana papahana a ua hana i ka hāʻawi nui loa o kekahi hana hou e hōʻemi i ka maʻi malaria.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ko lākou hilinaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi papa o nā insecticides (pyrethroids) e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pale ʻana o ka pyrethroid i nā maʻi malaria.Ma waena o 2010 a me 2020, ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻē pyrethroid ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi ʻano vector ma 88% o nā ʻāina endemic malaria.ʻOiai ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pale ana nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i nā pepeke i ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o ke kūʻē ʻana, aia nā hōʻike ikaika e hoʻomaikaʻi ai nā makika i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻupena i mālama ʻia i ka pyrethroid i ke ola a me ka hiki ke hānai.Ma muli o ko lākou koʻikoʻi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi malaria, hiki i ka hoʻemi hou ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻupena i mālama ʻia i ka insecticide ke alakaʻi i ke ala hou o ka maʻi a me ka make.
I ka pane ʻana i kēia hoʻoweliweli, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻupena moe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka insecticide ʻelua, kahi e hui pū ai i kahi pyrethroid me kahi pūhui ʻē aʻe, e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka mana o nā maʻi maʻi malaria pyrethroid-resistant.Hoʻohui ka ʻano hou o ITN i nā pyrethroids mePIPERONYL BOTOXIDE (PBO), he synergist e hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o nā pyrethroids ma o ka paleʻana i nā enzymes detoxifying e pili ana me ka pyrethroid resistance10.I loko o nā hale hoʻokolohua a me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻāʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia (cRCT) ua hōʻike nā ITN i loaʻa nā pyrethroids a me PBO i nā pono entomological maikaʻi loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ITN i loaʻa nā pyrethroids a me ka hopena epidemiological.Ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a WHO no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā vectors i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pyrethroids, e alakaʻi ana i ka piʻi nui o kā lākou hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻāina endemic i nā makahiki i hala.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole palena ʻole ka pyrethroid-PBO ITN.ʻO ka mea nui, aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou lōʻihi ma hope o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i ka home.Hōʻike pū ʻia nā haʻawina pailaka ma West Africa e hāʻawi ka ʻupena makika pyrethroid-PBO i ka pōmaikaʻi liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pyrethroid kūʻē i hoʻopili ʻia e nā mīkini paʻakikī a me nā hana lehulehu.No laila, no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka vector maikaʻi a hoʻomau, pono e hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i nā pepeke, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā insecticides hou i maʻalahi nā vectors.
I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i nā pepeke e hoʻohui i nā pyrethroids me fipronil, kahi insecticide azole e hoʻopilikia i ka hana mitochondrial.Hōʻike ʻo Chlorfenopyr i kahi ala hou no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi i hoʻomohala i nā mīkini pale paʻakikī i nā insecticides e kū nei.ʻO ka pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ITN (Interceptor G2), i hoʻomohala ʻia e BASF, ua hōʻike i ka maʻi maʻi pyrethroid-resistant ma nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokele ma Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte a me Tanzania.Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka mana Vector a ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ka World Health Organization.Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo nui a me nā papahana hoʻolaha hoʻokele ma kekahi mau ʻāina i nā hōʻike o ka hopena epidemiological.Ma keʻano kikoʻī, ua hōʻike ʻo RCTs ma Benin a me Tanzania ua hōʻemi ʻo Interceptor G2 i ka maʻi malaria kamaliʻi e 46% a me 44% ma luna o 2 mau makahiki, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ITN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pyrethroids maʻamau.Ma muli o kēia mau hopena, ua hoʻopuka ka World Health Organization i ka manaʻo ikaika no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka insecticide pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ma mua o nā ʻupena moe i loaʻa nā pyrethroids wale nō ma nā wahi i kū ai nā vectors i nā pyrethroids.ʻO nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i nā pepeke no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi malaria.Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka piʻi nui o ka noi honua a me nā kauoha no nā ʻupena makika i mālama ʻia e pyrethroid i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā ʻāina endemic.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hou hou o nā ʻupena moe pyrethroid a me fipronil kiʻekiʻe e kekahi mau mea hana me nā mana hana ikaika e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mākeke ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i nā pepeke, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokūkū, a alakaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ke komo ʻana i nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia i nā pepeke.Nā upena moe. Nā ʻupena moe insecticidal no ka hoʻokele vector maikaʻi loa.