Ma nā hoʻokolohua ma ʻApelika, nā ʻupena moe i hana ʻia mePYRETHROIDa meʻO FIPRONILua hōʻike i nā hopena entomological a me epidemiological i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke koi no kēia papa pūnaewele hou ma nā ʻāina endemic malaria. ʻO PermaNet Dual kahi ʻupena deltamethrin a me clofenac hou i hoʻomohala ʻia e Vestergaard Sàrl e hāʻawi i nā hiki hou aʻe i nā papahana kaohi malaria. Ua hana mākou i kahi hoʻokolohua cockpit pilot e loiloi i ka pono o PermaNet Dual e kūʻē i nā makika Anopheles gambiae pyrethroid hihiu, lele manuahi ma Cove, Benin. Ua hoʻoulu ʻo PermaNet Dual i ka make ʻana o nā makika inā ʻaʻole holoi ʻia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻupena e loaʻa ana ka pyrethroid wale nō a me nā ʻupena e loaʻa ana ka pyrethroid a me PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% no PermaNet Dual, 23% no PermaNet 2.0 a me 23% no PermaNet 3.0) 56% p < 0.001) ma hope o 20 mau makahiki. nā holoi maʻamau (75% no PermaNet Dual, 14% no PermaNet 2.0, 30% no PermaNet 3.0, p < 0.001). Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palena waena ʻaʻole i ho'ākāka ʻia e ka World Health Organization, ʻaʻole hoʻi i emi iho ka make o ka mea lawe ma mua o ka pyrethroid-clofenazoline, ka mea i hōʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka waiwai olakino lehulehu (Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76). %, OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719–1.073), akā ʻaʻole no ka pale ʻana i ka lako koko (35% vs. 26%, OR = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177–1.723). ʻO PermaNet Dual kahi koho hou aʻe i kēia ʻano ʻupena kūpono loa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kaohi ʻana i ka malaria i hoʻouna ʻia e nā makika pale pyrethroid.
ʻO nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me nā mea pepehi pepeke (ITN) ka mea hana pale malaria kūpono loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia. Ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou e hōʻemi i ka maʻi malaria a me ka make ma nā kūlana hoʻāʻo a me nā papahana a ua hana i ka hāʻawi nui loa o kekahi hana hou e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka malaria. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ko lākou hilinaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi papa o nā mea pepehi pepeke (pyrethroids) e hoʻokau i ke kaomi koho, e paipai ana i ka laha ʻana o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka pyrethroid i nā vectors malaria. Ma waena o 2010 a me 2020, ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana o ka pyrethroid ma ka liʻiliʻi he hoʻokahi ʻano vector ma 88% o nā ʻāina endemic malaria. ʻOiai ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e pale aku nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me nā mea pepehi pepeke i ka malaria me ka pale ʻana, aia nā hōʻike ikaika e hoʻomaikaʻi ana nā makika i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka pyrethroid i ke ola a me ka hiki ke hānai. Ma muli o ko lākou koʻikoʻi no ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka malaria, ʻo ka emi hou ʻana o ka pono o nā ʻupena i mālama ʻia me nā mea pepehi pepeke hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka make.
I ka pane ʻana i kēia hoʻoweliweli, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka insecticide hana pālua, e hoʻohui pū ana i kahi pyrethroid me kahi hui ʻē aʻe, e hoʻihoʻi i ka kaohi o nā vectors malaria kūʻē i ka pyrethroid. ʻO ke ʻano hou mua o ITN e hoʻohui pū ana i nā pyrethroids mePIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO), he synergist e hoʻonui i ka pono o nā pyrethroids ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā enzymes detoxifying e pili ana i ka pale ʻana o ka pyrethroid10. I loko o nā hale hoʻokolohua a me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻomalu randomized cluster (cRCT) ua hōʻike nā ITN e loaʻa ana nā pyrethroids a me PBO i nā pono entomological maikaʻi loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ITN e loaʻa ana nā pyrethroids wale nō a me ka pono epidemiological. Mai ia manawa ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo WHO conditional no ka hoʻolaha ʻana ma nā wahi kahi e hōʻike ai nā vectors i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pyrethroids, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i kā lākou hoʻolaha ʻana ma nā ʻāina endemic i nā makahiki i hala iho nei18. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole me nā palena ʻole o ka pyrethroid-PBO ITN. ʻIke ʻia, aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou kūpaʻa ma hope o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i ka home. Hōʻike pū nā haʻawina pilot ma West Africa e hiki i nā ʻupena makika pyrethroid-PBO ke hāʻawi i ka pono palena ʻoi aku ma nā wahi me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka pyrethroid i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻano hana paʻakikī a me nā ʻano he nui. No laila, no ka hoʻomalu vector maikaʻi a hoʻomau, pono e hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka insecticide, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā insecticides hou ʻē aʻe i nā vectors.
I kēia mau lā iho nei, ua loaʻa nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka insecticide e hoʻohui pū ana i nā pyrethroids me fipronil, kahi insecticide azole e hoʻopilikia i ka hana mitochondrial. Hōʻike ʻo Chlorfenopyr i kahi ʻano hana hou no ka kaohi ʻana i nā vectors maʻi i hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana kūʻē paʻakikī i nā insecticides e kū nei. Ua hōʻike ka pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ITN (Interceptor G2), i hoʻomohala ʻia e BASF, i ka malaria kūʻē i ka pyrethroid i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻāʻo ma Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte a me Tanzania. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka kaohi vector a ua kūpono mua ʻia ʻo World Health Organization i kēia manawa. Ua hōʻike pū nā hoʻokolohua nui a me nā papahana hoʻolaha hoʻāʻo ma kekahi mau ʻāina i nā hōʻike o ka hopena epidemiological. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, ua hōʻike nā RCT ma Benin a me Tanzania ua hōʻemi ʻo Interceptor G2 i ka nui o ka malaria kamaliʻi ma 46% a me 44% ma luna o 2 mau makahiki, kēlā me kēia, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ITN e hoʻohana ana i nā pyrethroids maʻamau wale nō. Ma muli o kēia mau hopena, ua hoʻopuka koke ka World Health Organization i kahi ʻōlelo paipai ikaika no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka insecticide pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ma mua o nā ʻupena moe e loaʻa ana nā pyrethroids wale nō ma nā wahi kahi i kūʻē ai nā vectors i nā pyrethroids. Nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me nā pepeke lāʻau e pale aku ai i ka maʻi malaria. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ke koi honua a me nā kauoha no nā ʻupena makika i mālama ʻia me ka pyrethroid i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā ʻāina endemic. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hou o nā ʻupena moe pyrethroid a me fipronil hana kiʻekiʻe e kekahi mau mea hana me nā hiki hana ikaika e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mākeke ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka pepeke lāʻau, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokūkū, a alakaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ke komo ʻana i nā ʻupena moe i mālama ʻia me ka pepeke lāʻau ʻoi aku ka uku kūpono. Nā ʻupena moe. Nā ʻupena moe insecticidal no ka kaohi vector maikaʻi loa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-17-2023