He mea ʻino nui nā ʻanuʻu ahi ʻulaʻula (Solenopsis invicta) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ko lākou ʻike ʻia ʻana ma ka hoʻouna ʻana ma waena o 1933 a me 1945. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻeha ke kumu o ka ʻeha nui a ʻoi aku ma mua o $8 biliona ke kumukūʻai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia lā, loaʻa nā ʻanuʻu ahi ʻulaʻula ma 19 mau mokuʻāina, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ka Hikina Hema, akā ma Kaleponi hoʻi. Hoʻoulu nui lākou ma Australia a me Kina.
I ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi ʻōnaehana karantina pekelala no ka lawe ʻana mai o nā ʻanuʻu ahi e kaupalena i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā mea e hiki ai ke hoʻolaha i kēia mau pepeke. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kānaka noiʻi a me nā luna e pili ana ka laha ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu ahi i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. Ma mua, ua pīpī nā luna hoʻomalu o nā hale hānai i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu me nā pesticides e kāohi i nā ʻanuʻu ahi, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano pesticides he nui (e like me chlorpyrifos), a he pipiʻi kēia mau kemika.
Ua aʻo ʻia e kahi hui noiʻi mai ka USDA Agricultural Research Service, ka Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a me ke Kulanui ʻo Tennessee State nā ʻano hana no ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā heluna ʻanu ahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides non-repellent i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pōpō aʻa o nā mea kanu.nā mea pepehi lāʻau makehoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka pili ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu ahi a hiki ke hoʻoili i nā mea ʻawahia i nā ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe i loko o ka pūnana. Ua hōʻike nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana, i paʻi ʻia i Malaki ma ka Journal of Economic Entomology, ua hōʻike ʻia ka pesticide non-repellentʻO ka fipronilua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka heluna o nā ʻanuʻu ahi i loko o ke aʻa o nā mea kanu.
Ua hoʻokomo nā kānaka noiʻi i nā kolone ʻanuʻu ahi (me nā ʻanuʻu hana, nā hua manu, nā larvae, nā pupae, a me ka mōʻīwahine) i loko o nā pōpō aʻa o nā mea kanu Buxus microphylla. Ua mālama ʻia ka hapalua o nā pōpō aʻa me ka insecticide bifenthrin. A laila ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻehā mau insecticide non-repellent like ʻole—fipronil, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, a me fipronil—ma ke ʻano he mau kaohi, me ka wai. Ua nānā pū ʻia nā hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā insecticide non-repellent, a ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono o nā insecticide koena i ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻouka ʻanuʻu.
Ua hōʻike ʻo Fipronil i ka hopena maikaʻi loa o ka insecticidal, me ka awelika o ka pono o ka kaohi ʻana i nā pest he 99.99%, ukali ʻia e indoxacarb (99.33%) a me imidacloprid (99.49%). I ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau insecticides ʻehā non-repellent me bifenthrin, ua emi nui ko lākou hopena insecticidal (koe wale nō ʻo fipronil, kahi i loaʻa ai ka pono kaohi o 94.29%). No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai kūpono o fipronil i ka kaohi ʻana i nā pest, ua hoʻokolohua nā mea noiʻi me nā ʻano haʻahaʻa a ʻike ʻia ua emi ka pono o ka insecticidal ma mua o 90%, a ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o nā ʻano fipronil like ʻole i ka nui o nā pest. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia o ka fipronil i pale pono i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā pest a hiki i ʻeono mahina, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hapalua o ka nui i hopena i nā pests i koe i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu.
Ua kākau nā kānaka noiʻi: "Ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau insecticide non-repellent, ʻo ka dinotefuran (me ka ʻole o ka bifenthrin) i hāʻawi i ka kaohi pae quarantine kūlike loa, me 75% (8) o nā ʻōpuʻu aʻa i koe ʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu aʻa i mālama ʻia me nā insecticides non-repellent ʻē aʻe (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, a me fipronil) ... he 0-38% ka nui o ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia."
Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi he ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka fipronil ma mua o ʻelua mau pesticides i ʻae ʻia ma lalo o nā lula quarantine ant ahi pekelala—chlorpyrifos lāua ʻo bifenthrin. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka fipronil i hoʻohana ʻia ua loaʻa nā hopena hoʻoikaika, akā ua kākau lākou, "Pono nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e hoʻoholo pono i ka hopena o nā ʻano fipronil like ʻole ma ka nui o nā ʻōpuʻu aʻa i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia a me nā ʻōpuʻu aʻa i hoʻopilikia ʻia."
Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike pū kekahi ʻo fipronil iā ia iho i kekahi mau hopohopo. He maʻalahi ia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻawahia i nā pi (Apis mellifera), a hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia ma o ka wai kahe, nā pīpī, a me nā mea kanu. Aia nā lula a me nā kapu lepili i kēia manawa e hōʻemi i ka hopena o kēia insecticide i nā pi. Ua ʻōlelo nā mea noiʻi, "No nā hale hānai, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana iā fipronil i nā pōpō aʻa o nā lāʻau i ʻoki ʻia ma mua o ka pua ʻana e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā pi." Ua hoʻohui lākou e pono ana ka noiʻi hou aʻe e hoʻoholo i ke ala kūpono loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia mau insecticide non-repellent e kāohi i nā ʻanuʻu ahi ʻulaʻula.
"He kūpono nā lāʻau pepehi pepeke ʻaʻole e hoʻokuke i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu ahi ʻulaʻula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ma nā mea kanu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ke kula."
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke olakino o nā kolone nalo meli ke hana lākou i ka propolis hou aʻe (kahi resin waxy i hoʻohana ʻia e sila i ka pūnana). Ua hoʻāʻo kahi noiʻi hou i kekahi mau ʻano maʻalahi e hiki ai i nā mea mālama nalo meli ke hoʻohana e hoʻonui i ka hana propolis i loko o ka pūnana.
ʻO Ben Puttler, he polopeka emeritus ma ke Kulanui o Missouri a he entomologist, ʻaʻole wale no kāna mau hāʻawi mōʻaukala i ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino olaola akā no kāna aʻo lokomaikaʻi ʻana i nā haumāna entomology he nui ʻole a me nā hoa hana. Ma kahi loiloi retrospective o kāna ʻoihana, ua noʻonoʻo ʻelua mau hoa hana i nā hoʻokō a me nā hāʻawi a Puttler.
Hoʻopilikia nui ka ʻūhini khapra i ka palaoa i mālama ʻia a he pahuhopu nui ia ma nā awa a me nā keʻa palena. Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi Kanada i kahi mahana paepae e pepehi ai i ka ʻūhini ma nā pae āpau o kona ola, me ka diapause.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-13-2026
