Nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻōwili makika uila ma nā embryos mouse

He ʻāina wela ʻo Indonesia, e lilo ia i wahi hānau mua no nā makika. ʻO ka nui o ka hānau ʻana o nā makika ua hoʻoulu i nā hana e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia pilikia, ʻo kekahi o ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pale makika—nā mea pepehi kanaka a me nā kemika like ʻole.
Aia i loko o nā ʻōwili namu nā mea hana like ʻole, e like me d-allethrin, trans-flufenicol, bioallethrin, dimethoate, pyrifluquinazone, d-phenetrin,cypermethrin,a i ʻole isoprenepyrine, ʻo ia mau mea āpau he mau hui pyrethroid. ʻO nā hui Pyrethroid he mau insecticides organik e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā pepeke ma ka hoʻomake ʻana i kā lākou ʻōnaehana nerve. Loaʻa nā ʻōwili namu ma ke ʻano he mau sprays, coils, emulsions, a me nā mea hoʻolei uila.

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ʻōwili makika a me nā mea pepehi pepeke ʻē aʻe me ka ʻike kūpono ʻole hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli. Hiki i kēia mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka, ke kaiapuni, a me nā makika ponoʻī. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua na Almahdi et al. (2014) lāua ʻo Rahayuningsih (2006) ua hopena ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻiole hāpai i nā ʻōwili makika i loaʻa ka trans-fluorometholone i nā ʻano kīnā o ka fetal a me ke kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike kēia he hopena maikaʻi ʻole paha nā ʻōwili makika i nā wahine hāpai, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine i nā kemika i ka wā hāpai.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻiole ma ke ʻano he holoholona hoʻokolohua i nā haʻawina teratogenicity e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā malformations fetal i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea pale makika i ka wā o ka organogenesis. Makemake nā kānaka noiʻi e aʻo hou aku i nā hopena teratogenic o nā mea pale makika ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka permethrin i ke kaumaha, ka lōʻihi o ke kino, a me nā ʻano ʻē i loko o nā ʻiole (Mus musculus) fetuses. ʻO ka hanu lōʻihi ʻana o nā insecticides hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻawahia a hoʻoulu i nā ʻano hematological, biochemical, a me cytokine, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻiʻo mutagenic.

ʻO ke kumu o kēia noiʻi, ʻo ia ke hoʻoholo i nā hopena teratogenic o kahi mea pale uila i nā ʻiole (Mus musculus) fetuses. ʻO ka mea pale uila i hoʻohana ʻia he 0.566% (4.2 mg/mL) o ka mea hana permethrin, kahi i hanu ʻia e nā ʻiole hāpai i ka wā o ka organogenesis (nā lā 6-15 o ka hāpai ʻana). Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he kanakolu mau ʻiole hāpai i ʻelima mau pūʻulu (ʻeono mau replicates i kēlā me kēia hui): hui C (hui kaohi, ʻaʻohe ʻike i ka mea pale uila); hui T1 (4 mau hola o ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka mea pale uila); hui T2 (6 mau hola o ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka mea pale uila); hui T3 (8 mau hola o ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka mea pale uila); a me ka hui T4 (10 mau hola o ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka mea pale uila). Ua ana ʻia ke kaumaha o ka ʻōpū a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino, a ua hana ʻia ka loiloi helu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi hoʻokahi ala o ka variance (ANOVA) a me ka hoʻāʻo hoʻohālikelike lehulehu a Duncan. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo Kruskal-Wallis lāua ʻo Mann-Whitney e kālailai i nā helu hānau ola (%), nā hānau make (%), a me nā anomalies morphological (%). ʻAʻole i hōʻike nā hopena i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano, akā ua ʻike ʻia ke kahe koko ʻili ma luna. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ke kaumaha a me ka lōʻihi o ka fetal, nā helu hānau ola (%), nā hānau make (%), a me ke kahe koko (%) (p<0.05). Ua ʻike ʻia nā helu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka make ʻana a me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i loko o ka ʻōpū ma hope o 10 mau hola o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā ʻōwili makika uila i kēlā me kēia lā.