Lambda-cyhalothrin, i ʻike ʻia he cyhalothrin a me kungfu cyhalothrin, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia e ka hui AR Jutsum ma 1984. ʻO kāna hana hana ʻo ia ke hoʻololi i ka permeability o ka membrane nerve insect, ke kāohi i ka conduction o ka axon nerve insect, hoʻopau i ka hana neuron ma ka launa pū ʻana. me ke awāwa sodium ion, e hoʻohauʻoli nui i ka ʻiʻo ʻawaʻawa, ka lolo a make, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu koke i ka pest.Loaʻa i ka Lambda-cyhalothrin nā hiʻohiʻona o ka spectrum insecticidal ākea, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka hopena, a he kūpono ia no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu e like me ka palaoa, ka palaoa, nā lāʻau hua, ka pulupulu, nā mea kanu cruciferous, etc.
1 Kūlana kumu
高效氯氟氰菊酯inoa Pelekane: Lambda-cyhalothrin;Huina mole: C23H19ClF3NO3;Puni paila: 187～190 ℃/0.2 mmHg;Helu CAS: 91465-08-633.
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka huahana ma ka Figure 1.
Kiʻi 1 Ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka beta-cyhalothrin
2 ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa a me nā pahu hopu
Loaʻa ka Beta-cyhalothrin i ka pepehi kanaka a me nā hopena ʻawaʻawa o ka ʻōpū, a loaʻa pū kekahi hopena pale a ʻaʻohe hopena ʻōnaehana.He hopena maikaʻi kona i ka nau ʻana i nā mea ʻeha waha e like me Lepidoptera larvae a me kekahi mau Coleoptera beetles, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mea hoʻomakei waha e like me ka pear psyllium.ʻO nā mea mana nui o ka beta-cyhalothrin he midges, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, pulupulu bollworms, red bollworms, cabbage anuhe, etc. nā mea kanu, hiki iā ia ke pale a hoʻomalu i ka ʻai mauʻu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻAmelika Hema/ ʻĀkau, mai Malaki a Mei a me Kepakemapa a Dekemaba;Asia Hema, mai Dekemaba a Mei;ʻEulopa, mai Malaki a Mei a me Kepakemapa a hiki i Dekemaba ka mahina.
3 Kaʻina hana synthesis a me nā mea waena
(1) Synthesis o trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Hoʻopili ka Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) me ka thionyl chloride, desolubilizes a hoʻoponopono i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Synthesis o ka aila ʻaila chlorofluorocyanide
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) a me ka sodium cyanide no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aila ʻaila chlorofluorocyanide ma lalo o ka hana o ka catalyst.
(3) Hoʻohui i ka beta-cyhalothrin
Ma lalo o ka hana a nā amine organik, hoʻomaka ka chlorofluorocyanide crude epimerization e hana i ka beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Kūlana makeke kūloko
Wahi a ka nīnau ʻo China Pesticide Information Network, mai Mei 20, 2022, ʻo ka helu o nā inoa inoa ʻenehana alpha-cyhalothrin he 45, a ʻo nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, a me 98%.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana me 95%, 96%, a me 98% ʻikepili i helu ʻia no ka hapa nui.
Wahi a ka China Pesticide Information Network nīnau, mai Mei 20, 2022. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hoʻopaʻa inoa kūloko o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka beta-cyhalothrin aia nā hui pū hoʻokahi, ʻo ia ka 621 i hoʻokahi-dose a me 216 i hui pū ʻia.Hoʻokahi helu: 621 i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau nui he 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% wai emulsion, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L . ʻO Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine a me nā hui huahana ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā ʻano hana nui: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% aqueous emulsion, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% suspending agent, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% wettable pauka, etc.
5 Kūlana makeke ma waho
5.1 Kakau inoa ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau ma waho
ʻO nā kumu nui hoʻokahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 25 g / L, 50 g / L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
ʻO nā hui nui he: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + kiʻekiʻe-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon chlorofluorocarbon chlorofluorocarbon Cypermethrin 10.6. 5 % EC.
5.2 ʻO nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku o Kina
Mai 2015 a 2019, he 582 mau hui i lawe aku i nā huahana cyhalothrin kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, a ʻo ka nui o nā ʻoihana he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe he 45% o ka nui o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana (5-makahiki hōʻiliʻili).Ua helu ʻia nā ʻoihana he ʻumi ma ka Papa 2.
He 2,400 tons / makahiki ka awelika o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku o nā mea ʻenehana, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana he 3,000 tons / makahiki.Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka 2015 a hiki i ka 2019. ʻO ka awelika o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau kino he 14,800 tons / makahiki, aʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku he 17,000 tons (2017), a laila paʻa ka nui o ka laweʻana;ʻO ka awelika ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana he 460 tons / makahiki, a ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa he 515 tons / makahiki.
Mai 2015 a 2019, ua lawe ʻia nā huahana ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o cyhalothrin i nā mākeke 77.ʻO nā mākeke ʻelima kiʻekiʻe ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Belgium, India, Argentina, a me Pakistan.ʻO nā mākeke ʻelima kiʻekiʻe he 57% o ka nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia aku ma Kina.(5 makahiki huila).
6 Nā ʻano mākeke hou loa
Wahi a nā kumu hoʻolaha, ma Mei 7, 2022, ka manawa kūloko, kahi hale hana o ka hui agrochemical India Bharat Rasayan, ka mea e hana nui i nā huahana pyrethroid a me nā mea pili pili, i puhi ʻia i ke ahi ma hope o ka pahū ʻana o ka paila.
ʻO India kekahi o nā mea hana pesticides non-patent nui ma ka honua, i waena o ka nui o ka hiki ke hana i nā mea waena o nā huahana pyrethroid, methyl betinate a me ether aldehyde, he kiʻekiʻe.I ka makahiki 2021, e hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Bharat Rasayan i ka huina o 6,000 tons o nā lāʻau lapaʻau pesticide, hoʻomākaukau a me nā intermediates, nona ka 61% he mau lāʻau lapaʻau, 13% hoʻomākaukau a me 26% intermediates (ka nui o nā pyrethroid intermediates).Ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka synthesizing pyrethroid pesticides, ether aldehyde kahi koi kūloko makahiki ma kahi o 6,000 tons, kahi kokoke i ka hapalua e pono ke kūʻai ʻia mai India.
No ka mea ua kokoke mai ka mākeke kūloko no cyhalothrin i kona hopena, a ʻaʻole ʻo ka hui India ka ʻoihana nui e hoʻopuka ana i nā kikowaena pili alpha-cyhalothrin e like me ka ether aldehydes, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena ma ka mākeke kūloko, a he mea pono e uku. makaʻala i ka lawe ʻana aku i waho.Nā huaʻōlelo.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-08-2022