Ka pilina o ka gibberellin a me ka potassium nitrate, a me ka mana o ke kumu pollen ma nā waiwai physicochemical o nā hua waina.

I loko o nā hua waina papaʻaina, me ke ʻano wahine ʻo Siah-e-Samarkhandi, he mea koʻikoʻi ke ʻano o ka puʻu a me ka nui o nā hua. Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei ka mahi ʻana i kēia hua waina i kekahi mau pilikia, e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hua a me ka hua liʻiliʻi, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ka hua a me ke kumukūʻai mākeke. ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hua he mea nui ia no ke ʻano Siah-e-Samarkhandi. No laila, ua nānā kēia haʻawina i nā hopena o 0, 30, 60, a me 90 mg/L⁻¹ GA₃ a me 0 a me 1.5% HKO₃ ma ka pollination o ke ʻano Siah-e-Samarkhandi ma lalo o nā kūlana pollination ākea a kāohi ʻia. Eia kekahi, ua loiloi kekahi hoʻokolohua i nā hopena o nā kumu pollen (ʻano Siah-e-Shiraz, Askari, Rotabi, Rishbaba, a me Aatabaki) ma ka pollination o ke ʻano Siah-e-Samarkhandi. Ua hōʻike nā hopena, koe wale nō ke ʻano Atabaki, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka pollen mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka hua hua a me ka puʻu i ke ʻano Siah-e-Samarkhandi. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o 30 mg/Lgibberellin (GA₃)a ʻo 1.5% potassium nitrate (KNO₃) ka hopena hoʻoulu koʻikoʻi loa i ka maikaʻi a me ka hua o nā hua a me nā puʻu.
He mea nui loa kēia ʻano ma Iran a me ka panalāʻau ʻo Fars ma muli o kona hou a me ka nui o ka anthocyanin. Ulu nā hua waina ʻo Siah-e-Samarkhandi i kahi aniau maloʻo, me ka ua awelika mai 300 a 450 mm ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka panalāʻau. No ka mea, he mea nui ke ʻano o ka hui hua waina a me ka nui o nā hua no ka hou, aia kekahi mau pilikia, e like me ka nui o nā hua like ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā hui, a me ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā hua ma kēlā me kēia hui (ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā hua), e hōʻemi ana i nā hua.³ Hiki i ka ʻai ʻia o ka hua waina ke hoʻopuka i nā hopena olaola like ʻole, me ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he antioxidants kūlohelohe, nā mea mālama, a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe meaʻai, no laila e pale ai i ka haumia o ka meaʻai e nā microorganisms ʻino.

E pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā ʻano hua waina, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he kūpono ponoʻī a me ka pollinate ponoʻī. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o nā flora pani i nā hua waina. ʻOiai aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa, he kakaikahi lākou; ʻaʻole kūpono kekahi mau ʻano. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o ka hua e nā kumu he nui. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui ka biology hānau o ka ʻano hua waina. ʻO ka ulu piha ʻana o nā ʻōkana pua a me ka hana ʻana o ka pollen kūpono me nā helu germination kiʻekiʻe he mea nui ia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka momona. Aia ka germination pollen i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā kūlana meaʻai, a me nā kumu kaiapuni, a ʻokoʻa nā kūlana kūpono no ka germination pollen.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka gibberellin i loko o nā hua waina hou me ka ʻole o ka hua e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hua i ka wā e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā hua. 8.
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahi ʻana i nā hua waina, he mea koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona ʻano. Ua mālama ʻia nā hana pollen ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me Siah-e-Shiraz a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ua hopena kēia mau hana i nā hua pollen me nā helu germination kiʻekiʻe (ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻikepili). ʻO ke kau ʻana i kēia mau hua pollen (ʻo nā hua pollen olakino kahi kumu waiwai o ka auxin a me GA3) ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano Siah-e-Samarkhandi a ʻo kā lākou germination e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka ovary, e alakaʻi ana i ka synthesis o nā nui o kēia mau hormones a, ʻo ka hopena, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua. ʻO ke alo o nā hua pollen olakino i loko o ka hua e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua olakino (Nā Kiʻi 1A-F). ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kēia hoʻokolohua, ʻo ia ke noiʻi i nā kumu o ka haki ʻana o nā hua waina a me ka pono o nā hana e like me ka gibberellin (GA3) a me ka potassium nitrate (KNO3) a me ka cross-pollination i ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i kēia pilikia ma ke ʻano hua waina Siah-e-Samarkhandi.
Ua mālama ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua ma luna o ʻelua mau makahiki (2021-2022) ma kahi māla waina kalepa i hānai ʻia i ka ua ma ke kauhale ʻo Khoral, ma ke komohana ʻākau o Shiraz, Iran (35 km komohana ʻākau o Shiraz, 29°57′ N, 52°14′ S). He ʻano mālie a anuanu ko ka ʻāina me ka awelika o ka ua makahiki he 450 mm a me ka lepo lepo-loam. Ua kanu ʻia nā kumu waina he 3.5 mika ke kaʻawale ma nā lālani a me 4 mika ma waena o nā kumu waina pākahi. ʻAʻole i hoʻoinu ʻia ka māla waina (mahiʻai hānai ʻia i ka ua). Ua kūlike ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā alakaʻi a me nā lula pili i ka ʻoihana, aupuni, a me ka honua a ua ʻae ʻia e kahi ʻoihana māla kalepa me ka hui pū ʻana me ke Kulanui ʻo Shiraz.
Ua hoʻohana nā hoʻokolohua mua a me ka lua i kahi hoʻolālā factorial i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi hoʻolālā poloka randomized a ua hana hou ʻia i ʻehā mau manawa.
ʻO ke kolu o ka hoʻokolohua i pili i ka pollination cross (pollination i kāohi ʻia) o ka ʻano Siah-e-Samarghandi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pollen mai nā ʻano ʻelima (Rotabi, Rishbaba, Askari, Atabaki, a me Siah-e-Shiraz). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pollen mai ka ʻano Siah-e-Samarghandi no ka pollination ponoʻī o kēia ʻano a lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he kaohi ma kēia hoʻokolohua.
I ka wā pua o kēlā me kēia ʻano hua waina Siah-e-Samarghandi, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pollen mai kēia mau ʻano i ʻehā mau pua i koho ʻia. Hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha lā ma mua o ka pua ʻana, ua waiho ʻia nā pua i koho ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke pepa. He iwakāluakūmālima pakeneka o nā pua o ke ʻano pollinating i waiho ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke. He ʻumi a ʻumikumamāhā lā ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ua wehe ʻia nā ʻeke pepa a pau mai nā pua.
Ma hope o ka pala ʻana o nā hua (ʻo ka nui o nā mea paʻa hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he ≥16%), ua ana ʻia ka hua waina ma kēlā me kēia pākahi. A laila ua koho maʻamau ʻia ʻewalu mau puʻupuʻu (ʻehā i ʻeke ʻia, ʻo ke koena i ʻole i ʻeke ʻia) mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā o ke kumu waina a ua hoʻoili ʻia i ka hale hana physiological o ka 'Oihana Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, no ke ʻano quantitative a me qualitative.
Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻonohonoho hua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana ma ka helu ʻana i ka helu o nā pua 10 mau lā ma mua o ka pua ʻana a me ka helu o nā hua i hana ʻia i 10 mau lā ma hope o ka pua ʻana.
Ma nā hoʻokolohua mua ʻelua, ua koho hewa ʻia he 10 mau hua mai kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu; ma ke kolu o ka hoʻokolohua, ua koho ʻia he 50 mau hua. Ua helu ʻia ka helu o nā hua i kēlā me kēia hua, a ua helu ʻia ka awelika o nā hua no kēlā me kēia hua i kēlā me kēia hui lapaʻau.
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hui phenolic, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai huaʻai 1:1 me 80% methanol. A laila, ua hui pū ʻia he 100 μl o ka ethanol extract me 400 μl o ka phosphate buffer a me 2.5 ml o ka Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich). Ma hope o 1 minuke, ua hoʻohui ʻia he 2 ml o ka 7.5% sodium carbonate solution i ka hui ʻana, a ua hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka laʻana ma 25°C no 5 mau minuke. A laila ua ana ʻia ka absorbance ma 760 nm me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments, Inc., USA). Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ma ke ʻano he milligrams o ka waikawa gallic no 100 g o ke kaumaha hou, me ka waikawa gallic i hoʻohana ʻia.^ashe kūlana.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka anthocyanin e ke ʻano pH ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua mau buffers like ʻole: 25 mM KCl buffer ma ka pH 1.0 a me 0.4 M sodium acetate buffer ma ka pH 4.5. Ua hoʻomoʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia laʻana i loko o nā buffers ʻelua no 15 min, a ua ana ʻia ka absorbance ma 510 nm a me 700 nm, me ʻelima mau replicates no kēlā me kēia laʻana. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka anthocyanin e like me ke ʻano o Sabir et al.
Hana antioxidant^{ua hoʻoholo ʻia}me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH). Penei ke ʻano hana kikoʻī: Ua hoʻokahe ʻia he 100 ml o ka wai huaʻai me ka methanol a me ka wai ma ka lakio o 1:100. A laila ua hui pū ʻia ka extract me 2 ml o kahi hopena 0.1 mM DPPH i loko o ka methanol. Ma hope o 30 mau minuke, ua ana ʻia ka absorbance o ka hopena hopena ma 517 nm me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi spectrophotometer Cecil 2010 UV. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka absorbance radical manuahi o DPPH me ka ʻole o ka extract ma ke ʻano he kaohi. Ua helu ʻia ka hana Antioxidant me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana:
Ua hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua i kahi hoʻolālā randomized piha, i hana hou ʻia i ʻekolu manawa (ʻehā mau hui i kēlā me kēia hana hou). Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻikepili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu SAS 9.1, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo a Tukey e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano ma kahi pae koʻikoʻi o 0.05. Ua hana ʻia nā palapala wela hui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu R no ka loiloi multivariate.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mālama ʻana i ka pollination ponoʻī (14.97%), ʻo ka waiwai TSS no ka pollination cross i ka mālama ʻana iā Atabaqui he 16.93%, he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ia. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā mālama ʻē aʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pollination ponoʻī (Kiʻi 4B).
Ua ʻike ʻia ka hana antioxidant kiʻekiʻe loa me ka pollination ponoʻī (55.78%), ʻoiai ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa i ʻike ʻia me ka pollen atabaca (18.88%) a me askari (31.54%). ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe mai ka hui kaohi.