Ke ʻimi nei i kahi ʻokoʻa i nā pesticides neonicotinoid?Ua haʻi ʻo Alejandro Calixto, ka luna o Cornell University's Integrated Pest Management Program, i kekahi ʻike i ka wā o kahi huakaʻi huaʻai kauwela i mālama ʻia e New York Corn and Soybean Growers Association ma Rodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"ʻO ka hoʻokele pest hoʻohui kahi hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka ʻepekema e kālele ana i ka pale ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi o ka hanana ʻana a i ʻole ka pōʻino ma o ka hui pū ʻana o nā hoʻolālā," wahi a Calixto.
Manaʻo ʻo ia i ka mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he kaiaola pili i ke kaiapuni, me kēlā me kēia wahi e hoʻoikaika i kekahi.Akā ʻaʻole kēia he hopena wikiwiki.
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia pest ma o ka hoʻokele pest integrated e lawe i ka manawa, wahi āna.Ke hoʻopau ʻia kahi pilikia kūikawā, ʻaʻole pau ka hana.
He aha ka IPM?Hiki i kēia ke komo i nā hana mahiʻai, genetics, kemika a me ke olaola, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka noho ʻana.Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana me ka ʻike ʻana i nā pests, ka nānā ʻana a me ka wānana ʻana i kēlā mau pest, ke koho ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā IPM, a me ka loiloi i nā hopena o kēia mau hana.
Ua kāhea ʻo Calixto i ka poʻe IPM āna i hana pū ai, a ua hoʻokumu lākou i kahi hui like me SWAT e hakakā ana i nā mea ʻino e like me nā ʻōpala kulina.
"He ʻōnaehana lākou i ke ʻano, lawe ʻia e nā ʻiʻo mea kanu a neʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana vascular," wahi a Calixto.“He mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka lepo e hoʻomoʻa ʻia e nā mea kanu.ʻO kēia nā lāʻau pesticides i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua, e kuhikuhi ana i kahi ʻano o nā pest koʻikoʻi.
Akā, ua lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana i mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa, a hiki koke ke lilo nā neonicotinoids o ka mokuʻāina i ke kānāwai ma New York.Ma mua o kēia kauwela, ua hoʻoholo ka Hale a me ka Senate i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Birds and Bees Protection Act, kahi e pāpā pono ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua neon-coated ma ka mokuʻāina.ʻAʻole i kākau inoa ʻo Gov. Kathy Hochul i ka bila, a ʻaʻole maopopo i ka wā e hana ai.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo kulina ponoʻī he mea ʻino loa no ka mea hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, puka mai nā nalo makua a hānau hou.Waiho nā wahine i nā hua i loko o ka lepo, e koho ana i kahi "punahele", e like me ka lepo i loaʻa nā mea palaho, nā māla i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me ka manure a i ʻole nā mea kanu uhi, a i ʻole kahi e ulu ai kekahi mau legumes.ʻAi nā moa i nā ʻanoʻano ʻōpuʻu hou, me ke kulina a me ka soya.
ʻO kekahi o lākou ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā "pahele paʻa uliuli" ma ka mahiʻai.ʻO ka ʻikepili mua e hana nei ʻo ia me Cornell Extension, ʻo Mike Stanyard, ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa mahiʻai, hōʻike i ke kala o nā pahele.
I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nānā nā mea noiʻi o ke Kulanui ʻo Cornell i nā māla ma 61 mau mahiʻai no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumu kulina.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka huina o nā hua kulina i loko o nā pahele ʻoki ʻoki polū ua kokoke i 500, ʻoiai ʻo ka huina o nā hua kulina i loko o nā pahele ʻōpala melemele he 100 wale nō.
ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe neon hoʻohiki ʻia ke kau ʻana i nā pahele maunu ma nā kula.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Calixto, makemake nui ʻia nā hua kulina i ka alfalfa fermented, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā maunu ʻē aʻe i hoʻāʻo ʻia (koe alfalfa, ʻai iwi, ʻai iʻa, wai wai wai manure, ʻai ʻiʻo a me nā mea hoʻowalewale artificial)..
ʻO ka wānana ʻana i ka wā e puka mai ai nā ilo kulina hua hiki ke kōkua i ka poʻe mahiʻai i ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻokele pest integrated e hoʻolālā maikaʻi i kā lākou pane.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Cornell University i kahi mea hana wānana kānana ilo—newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot—i kēia manawa i ka hoʻāʻo beta.
"E kōkua kēia i ka wānana inā pono ʻoe e kauoha i nā hua mālama ʻia i ka hāʻule," wahi a Calixto.
ʻO kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka hua i mālama ʻia me ka methyl jasmonate, ka mea i loko o ke keʻena hana e hiki ai i nā mea kanu ke kū i ka hānai ʻana i ka palaoa.Hōʻike ka ʻikepili mua i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā ilo kulina ola.
ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā diamides, thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, a me spinosad.Hōʻike ka ʻikepili mua e hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻuo kulina mana āpau me nā ʻāpana me nā hua i mālama ʻole ʻia.
I kēia makahiki, ke hoʻopau nei ka hui o Calixto i nā hoʻokolohua ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methyl jasmonate e hoʻoholo ai i ka pane ʻana a me ka palekana o nā mea kanu.
"Ke ʻimi nei nō hoʻi mākou i nā uhi," wahi āna.“Hiki i kekahi mau mea kanu uhi i nā hua kulina hua.ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu uhi i kēia manawa a me ke kanu ʻana ma mua.I kēia makahiki ke ʻike nei mākou i kahi ʻano like, akā ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou ke kumu.
ʻO ka makahiki aʻe, hoʻolālā ka hui e hoʻokomo i nā hoʻolālā pahele hou i nā hoʻokolohua kahua a hoʻonui i ka mea hana pilikia e hoʻokomo i ka ʻāina, uhi i nā mea kanu, a me ka mōʻaukala pest e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kumu hoʻohālike;nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka methyl jasmonate a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hua kuʻuna me nā insecticides e like me ka diamide a me ka spinosad;a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methyl jasmonate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaloʻo hua kulina kūpono i nā mea kanu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-14-2023