Aia nā makika ma ʻaneʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, pehea lā e hiki ai i kekahi ke pale aku iā lākou? I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻoluhi ʻia e kēia mau mea ʻūlū koko, ua hoʻomohala mau nā kānaka i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Mai nā pale hana ʻole e like me nā ʻupena makika a me nā pale puka makani, a hiki i nā hoʻouka kaua ikaika menā mea pepehi pepekea me nā mea pale makika, nā mea hoʻopuehu pepeke "no nā kumu āpau" i kūleʻa ʻole akā kaulana, i ka huahana viral hou - ke kāʻei lima pale makika - nona kahi mahele ʻokoʻa, ʻo wai kekahi o kēia mau hui e hiki ke hoʻokō maoli i ka palekana a me ka pono maoli?
1.Piretroid——He mea hana ikaika no ka luku ikaika
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hana e pili ana i nā makika i ʻelua mau kula: ka hoʻopau ikaika a me ka pale pale ʻole. Ma waena o lākou, he moʻolelo lōʻihi ko ke kula hoʻopau ikaika a ua maopopo kona hopena. Ma waena o nā mea pale makika o ka home e like me nā ʻōwili makika, nā pepa makika wela uila, ka wai makika wela uila, a me nā mea pepehi pepeke aerosol, ʻo nā mea hana nui he pyrethroids. He mea pepehi pepeke ākea ia e hiki ke kāohi i nā ʻano mea ʻino like ʻole a he hopena pepehi pili ikaika. ʻO kāna ʻano hana, ʻo ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana nerve o nā pepeke, e hoʻohuli iā lākou mai ka pīhoihoi, ka haʻalulu i ka lolo a me ka make. I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea pale makika, i mea e pepehi maikaʻi ai i nā makika, pono pinepine e mālama i ke kaiapuni o loko i kahi pani e mālama i kahi pae paʻa o nā pyrethroids.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā pyrethroids ʻo ia ko lākou pono kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke pepehi i nā makika me ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pyrethroids ma hope o ka hanu ʻia ʻana e ke kino o ke kanaka, he ʻawaʻawa iki ko lākou a hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau hopena ma ka ʻōnaehana nerve o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana e hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka poniuniu, ka ʻeha poʻo, nā manaʻo aʻalolo kūpono ʻole, a me ka lolo ʻana o ke aʻalolo. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea pale makika i ka wā hiamoe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kau ʻole ʻana iā lākou kokoke i ke poʻo moe e pale aku i ka hanu ʻana i ka ea me ka nui o nā pyrethroids a me ke kumu o nā hopena ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa pinepine nā mea ʻala ʻino i loko o nā insecticides aerosol. Pono ka poʻe me nā maʻi allergies e makaʻala i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā insecticides aerosol. No ka laʻana, ma hope o ka pīpī ʻana i ka nui kūpono, e haʻalele koke i ka lumi a pani i nā puka a me nā puka makani. E kali no kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana mai e wehe i nā puka makani no ka ea. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka pono o ka pepehi ʻana i nā makika a me ka palekana.
Wahi a nā ʻōlelo pili o nā "Pesticide Management Regulations" o ka ʻāina, ʻo kēlā me kēia huahana no ka pale ʻana, ka hoʻopau ʻana a i ʻole ka kaohi ʻana i nā makika, nā nalo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e koi ana he hopena "pepehi makika" a i ʻole "mea pale makika" pono e loaʻa kahi helu palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa pesticide a e hōʻailona i ka ʻawaʻawa ma ka ʻōpala. No laila, ke kuhikuhi nei mākou ma ʻaneʻi i ka wā e kūʻai ai i nā huahana pepehi makika a i ʻole nā huahana pale makika, pono e hiki i nā mea āpau ke ʻike i ka helu palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa pesticide.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā pesticides pyrethroid i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma ka mākeke, ʻo ia ka tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid a me ka chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā makika ma mua o ka tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid, akā ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid ma ke ʻano o ka palekana. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana kaohi makika, hiki i kekahi ke koho i kahi koho kikoʻī ma muli o ka mea hoʻohana. No nā ʻohana me ka ʻole o nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i loaʻa ka chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid; inā he mau keiki i loko o ka ʻohana, a laila ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā huahana i loaʻa ka tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid.
2. Nā mea hoʻopuehu pepeke a me nā wai hoʻopuehu namu——Mālama lākou iā ʻoe ma ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ke ʻala o nā namu
Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka proactive, e kūkākūkā kākou i kēia manawa i ka pale pale ʻole. Ua like iki kēia kula me ka "Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt" i loko o nā puke moʻolelo a Jin Yong. ʻAʻole ia e komo i ka hakakā pololei me nā makika akā hoʻohana i kekahi mau ʻano hana e mālama i kēia mau "mea ola omo koko" mai o kākou aku a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ma waho o ka wahi palekana.
I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea hoʻopuehu pepeke a me nā wai hoʻopuehu makika nā ʻelele nui. ʻO kā lākou kumumanaʻo hoʻopuehu makika, ʻo ia ke pīpī ʻana iā lākou ma ka ʻili a me nā lole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole a nā makika e makemake ʻole ai a i ʻole e hana i kahi papa pale a puni ka ʻili e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano honi o nā makika, e pale ana iā lākou mai ka honi ʻana i nā ʻala kūikawā i hoʻopuka ʻia e ke kino kanaka, a laila e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i nā makika.
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui he huahana ʻala ka wai pua, nona hoʻi ka hopena o ka "kipaku ʻana i nā makika", i hana ʻia me ka ʻaila wai pua ma ke ʻano he mea ʻala nui a me ka waiʻona a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna mau hana nui ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, pepehi i nā bacteria, pale i ka wela a hōʻoluʻolu i ka maneʻo. ʻOiai hiki iā ia ke loaʻa kahi hopena pale makika, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea pale pepeke a me nā wai pale makika, ma ke ʻano o ka hana a me nā mea nui, he ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia nā mea ʻelua.
3. Nā kūpeʻe lima pale namu a me nā ʻāpana pale namu——ʻO ka pono a i ʻole ka maikaʻi, pili ia i nā mea nui.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā ʻano huahana pale namu like ʻole ma ka mākeke i mea ʻokoʻa loa. He nui nā huahana pale namu e like me nā ʻāpana pale namu, nā ʻūmiʻi pale namu, nā uaki pale namu, nā kāʻei lima pale namu, a me nā lei pale namu i kaulana i waena o nā kānaka he nui, ʻoiai nā mākua o nā keiki, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono lākou e pili pono me ka ʻili. Hoʻopili pinepine kēia mau huahana i ke kino a hoʻohana i ke ʻala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i kahi papa pale a puni ke kino, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke ʻano honi o nā namu, a laila e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i nā namu.
I ke kūʻai ʻana i kēia ʻano huahana pale namu, me ka nānā ʻana i ka helu hoʻopaʻa inoa pesticide, pono nō hoʻi e nānā inā loaʻa iā lākou nā mea pono maoli a koho i nā huahana me nā mea kūpono a me nā ʻano e like me ke ʻano hoʻohana a me ka mea hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hoʻohui ʻehā palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi no ka pale ʻana i nā namu i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ʻo ia hoʻi: DEET, Picaridin, IR3535/Immergen, a me Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) a i ʻole kona extract, ʻo Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea mua ʻekolu he mau kemika synthetics, aʻo ka mea hope he mea kanu. Ma ke ʻano o ka pono, he maikaʻi loa ka DEET a mau no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo Picaridin lāua ʻo IR3535/Immergen ka mea aʻe, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pale ʻana o ka Lemon Eucalyptus Oil he pōkole loa ia.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka palekana, ʻoiai he ʻano hoʻonāukiuki ko DEET i ka ʻili, ma ke ʻano laulā ke paipai nei mākou no nā keiki, pono e koho ʻia nā huahana me ka nui o DEET ma lalo o 10%. No nā pēpē ma lalo o 6 mahina, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana i loaʻa ka DEET. ʻAʻohe hopena ʻawaʻawa o IR3535/Immergen ma ka ʻili a ʻaʻole komo i loko o ka ʻili, a ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa he huahana pale namu palekana hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka ʻaila Lemon Eucalyptus mai nā mea kūlohelohe a palekana a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili, akā ʻo nā terpene a me nā hui hydrocarbon aliphatic i loko e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi allergies. No laila, ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia no nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki.
4. No nā wahine hāpai a me nā pēpē ʻōpio——ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana pale namu kino palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi
Inā paha he mea hoʻolei makika, he wai hoʻolei makika a he mau ʻāpana hoʻolei makika paha, pili lākou a pau i nā mea hoʻolei makika kemika. ʻOiai he kūpono a maʻalahi hoʻi nā ʻano hana hoʻolei makika kemika, no nā wahine hāpai a me nā pēpē ma lalo o ʻeono mahina, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana hoʻolei makika kino palekana.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā huahana pale namu kino ma ka mākeke e komo pū ana me nā kukui pale namu a me nā mea hoʻopā namu uila. Ua like ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻopā namu me kahi raketa tenisi, a aia ka uila static kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā uea metala. Ma ka hoʻoluliluli wale ʻana i ka "raketa", e uila ʻia nā namu pōʻino e pā ana i ka uea. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka uila, ua ʻōlelo ʻia no nā pākeke e hoʻohana. Hoʻohana ke kukui pale namu i ka ʻano huki kukui o nā namu e huki iā lākou, e ʻae ana iā lākou e omo ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a i ʻole e uila ʻia, a laila maloʻo a make. He haʻahaʻa ka decibel hana o ke kukui pale namu, a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka hiamoe. He kiʻekiʻe ke koina palekana, akā pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā keiki ke hiki aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-14-2026
