ʻO wai ka mea pale makika ka mea palekana a maikaʻi loa?

Hele mai nā makika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, pehea e pale aku ai iā lākou? I ʻole e hoʻoluhi ʻia e kēia mau vampires, ua hoʻomohala mau nā kānaka i nā mea kaua like ʻole. Mai nā ʻupena makika pale passive a me nā pale puka makani, a i nā insecticides proactive, nā mea pale makika, a me ka wai lua maopopo ʻole, a hiki i nā kūpeʻe lima pale makika huahana kaulana o ka Pūnaewele i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo wai ka mea hiki ke palekana maoli a me ka pono i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao?

01
Nā Pyrethroids–he mea kaua no ka pepehi kanaka ʻana
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana me nā makika i ʻelua mau kula: ka pepehi kanaka ikaika a me ka pale ʻole. I waena o lākou, ʻaʻole wale ka ʻaoʻao pepehi kanaka ikaika he mōʻaukala lōʻihi, akā he hopena intuitive nō hoʻi. I loko o nā mea pale makika hale i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōwili makika, nā mea pale makika uila, nā ʻōmole ʻōwili makika uila, nā mea pepehi kanaka aerosol, a pēlā aku, ʻo ka mea hana nui ʻo pyrethroid. He mea pepehi kanaka ākea ia e hiki ke kāohi i nā ʻano mea ʻino like ʻole a he hana hoʻopili ikaika. ʻO kāna ʻano hana, ʻo ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā aʻalolo o nā pepeke, e make ai lākou mai ka pīhoihoi, ka spasm, a me ka maʻi lolo. I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea pepehi makika, i mea e pepehi maikaʻi ai i nā makika, hoʻāʻo pinepine mākou e mālama i ke kaiapuni o loko i kahi kūlana pani, i mālama ʻia ai ka nui o nā pyrethroids i kahi pae paʻa.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā pyrethroids, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi loa o lākou, e koi ana i nā ʻano haʻahaʻa wale nō e hoʻopau i nā makika. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pyrethroids ma hope o ka hanu ʻia ʻana i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, he ʻawahia iki nō lākou a he hopena ko lākou i ka ʻōnaehana nerve o ke kanaka. Hiki i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka poniuniu, ka ʻeha poʻo, ka paresthesia nerve a me ka maʻi lolo nerve. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana i nā mea pale makika a puni ke poʻo o ka moena i ka wā e hiamoe ana e pale aku i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hanu ʻana i ka ea me ka nui o nā pyrethroids.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa pinepine nā mea ʻala ʻino i loko o nā insecticides ʻano aerosol, a pono i ka poʻe me nā maʻi allergies ke pale aku iā lākou i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā insecticides ʻano aerosol. No ka laʻana, e haʻalele i ka lumi a pani koke i nā puka a me nā puka makani ma hope o ka pīpī ʻana i kahi nui kūpono, a laila hoʻi mai e wehe i nā puka makani no ka ea ma hope o kekahi mau hola, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hopena a me ka palekana o ka pepehi ʻana i nā makika i ka manawa like.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā pyrethroids maʻamau ma ka mākeke ʻo ia ka tetrafluthrin a me ka chlorofluthrin. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena knockdown o cyfluthrin ma luna o nā makika ma mua o ka tetrafluthrin, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka tetrafluthrin ma mua o cyfluthrin ma ke ʻano o ka palekana. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana pale makika, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā koho kikoʻī e like me ka mea nāna e hoʻohana. Inā ʻaʻohe keiki ma ka home, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā huahana me ka fenfluthrin; inā he keiki i loko o ka ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ke koho ʻana i nā huahana me ka fenfluthrin.

02
ʻŌpīpī mea hoʻohemo namu a me ka mea hoʻohemo wai - e mālama pono ma ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ke ʻala o nā namu
Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā pepehi kanaka ikaika, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka pale pale ʻole. Ua like kēia ʻano moʻolelo me nā "bele gula a me nā pālule hao" i loko o nā puke moʻolelo a Jin Yong. Ma kahi o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā makika, mālama lākou i kēia mau "vampires" mai o kākou aku a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ka palekana ma kekahi mau ʻano.
I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻaila pale makika a me ka wai pale makika nā ʻelele nui. ʻO kā lākou kumumanaʻo pale makika, ʻo ia ke hoʻopilikia i ke ʻala o nā makika ma ka pīpī ʻana ma ka ʻili a me nā lole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻala a nā makika e inaina ai a i ʻole e hana i kahi papa pale a puni ka ʻili. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke honi i ke ʻala kūikawā i hoʻopuka ʻia e ke kino kanaka, no laila e hoʻokani ana i ke kuleana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā makika.
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui he huahana ʻala ka wai lua, nona hoʻi ka hopena o ka "kipaku ʻana i nā makika", i hana ʻia me ka ʻaila lua ma ke ʻano he ʻala nui a hele pū me ka waiʻona. ʻO kā lākou mau hana nui ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka sterilization, ka anti-prickly heat a me ka maneʻo. ʻOiai hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i kahi hopena anti-makika, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka anti-makika spray a me ka wai repellent makika, ʻokoʻa loa ke kumu hana a me nā ʻāpana nui, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma kahi o kekahi.
03
Kūpeʻe lima pale namu a me ka pepili pale namu–Pono a ʻaʻole paha ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nui aʻe nā ʻano huahana pale namu ma ka mākeke. He nui nā huahana pale namu e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā pepili pale namu, nā buckles pale namu, nā uaki pale namu, nā lima lima pale namu, nā pendants pale namu, a pēlā aku. Pono ia e pili pono i ka ʻili, kahi mea i makemake nui ʻia e nā poʻe he nui, ʻoiai nā mākua o nā keiki. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kēia mau huahana ma ke kino kanaka a hana i kahi papa pale a puni ke kino kanaka me ke kōkua o ke ʻala o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano o ke ʻala o nā namu, a laila e pāʻani ana i ke kuleana o ka pale ʻana i nā namu.
I ke kūʻai ʻana i kēia ʻano huahana pale namu, me ka nānā ʻana i ka helu palapala hōʻoia hoʻopaʻa inoa pesticide, pono nō hoʻi e nānā inā loaʻa iā ia nā mea pono maoli, a koho i nā huahana me nā mea kūpono a me nā ʻano e like me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana a me nā mea e hoʻohana ai.
I kēia manawa, aia he 4 mau mea hoʻopau namu palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā US Centers for Disease Control (CDC): DEET, Picaridin, DEET (IR3535) / Imonin), Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) a i ʻole kāna extract Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea mua ʻekolu no nā hui kemika, a ʻo ka mea hope no nā ʻāpana mea kanu. Mai ka manaʻo o ka hopena, he hopena maikaʻi ko DEET no ka pale namu a mau no ka manawa lōʻihi, ukali ʻia e picaridin a me DEET, a me ka lemon eucalyptus oil repellent. He pōkole ka mau ʻana o nā namu.
No ka palekana, no ka meaDEEThe mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili, ke paipai nei mākou i nā keiki e hoʻohana i nā huahana pale namu me ka nui o ka DEET ma lalo o 10%. No nā pēpē ma lalo o 6 mahina, mai hoʻohana i nā huahana pale namu i loaʻa ka DEET. ʻAʻohe hopena ʻawahia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka mea pale namu ma ka ʻili, a ʻaʻole e komo i loko o ka ʻili. Ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa he huahana pale namu palekana a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻopuka ʻia mai nā kumu kūlohelohe, palekana ka ʻaila lemon eucalyptus a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili, akā ʻo nā terpenoid hydrocarbons i loko e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi allergies. No laila, ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia no nā keiki ma lalo o ʻekolu makahiki.