He aha ka mea e hana ʻia inā hoʻoulu ka mancozeb i ka phytotoxicity? E hahai i kēia mau kiko a ʻaʻole ʻoe e makaʻu hou.

Ua ʻike ka nui o nā mahiʻai i ka phytotoxicity i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka mancozeb ma muli o ke koho pono ʻole ʻana o ka huahana a i ʻole ka manawa hoʻopili hewa, ka nui, a me ka pinepine. ʻO nā hihia liʻiliʻi e hopena i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lau, ka nāwaliwali o ka photosynthesis, a me ka ulu maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea kanu. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hana ʻia nā kiko lāʻau (nā kiko ʻeleʻele, nā kiko melemele, nā kiko ʻupena, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma luna o ka ʻili hua a me ka ʻili lau, a hiki ke hana i nā kiko hua nui, ka ʻili hua ʻino, a me ka popo hua, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka waiwai kalepa o ka hua, e hōʻeha nui ana i nā mahiʻai. Ma o ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā kumu nui o ka phytotoxicity penei:

1. ʻO nā huahana mancozeb kūpono ʻole e alakaʻi i ka nui o ka phytotoxicity.

Pono ka mancozeb i kūpono e lilo i hui manganese-zinc owaikawa mancozebi hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana hoʻohuihui wela. Aia kekahi mau ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hoʻopunipuni ma ka mākeke ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kā lākou huahana he mancozeb ma ke ʻano maoli. Ma muli o nā palena o nā lako hana a me ka ʻenehana, he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā huahana o kēia mau ʻoihana liʻiliʻi hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia i mancozeb, a ʻo ka hapa nui he mau hui ʻana o ka mancozeb a me nā paʻakai zinc. He kala ʻeleʻele ko kēia mau huahana, he kiʻekiʻe ka haumia, a he maʻalahi ke palaho i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka makū a me ka wela. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau huahana he mea hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka phytotoxicity. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mancozeb haʻahaʻa i ka wā ʻōpiopio o nā ʻāpala hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka waiho ʻana o ka wax ma luna o ka ʻili o ka hua, e hōʻino ana i ka ʻili hua a hopena i nā wahi phytotoxicity poepoe, e hoʻonui ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka hua.

2. Hoʻopilikia ka hui makapō ʻana o nā pesticides i ka palekana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mancozeb.

I ke kāwili ʻana i nā pesticides, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano he nui e like me nā mea hana, nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, nā hopena kaohi, a me nā mea ʻino i manaʻo ʻia. ʻAʻole wale ka kāwili makapō e hōʻemi i ka pono akā hoʻonui pū i ka pilikia o ka phytotoxicity. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hana maʻamau o ke kāwili ʻana i ka mancozeb me nā pesticides alkaline a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hao kaumaha i loaʻa ke keleawe hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka mancozeb. ʻO ka kāwili ʻana i ka mancozeb me nā huahana phosphate hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā precipitates flocculent a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea hydrogen sulfide.

3. ʻO ke koho pono ʻole ʻana o ka manawa pīpī a me ka hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻole o ka nui o ka pīpī e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka phytotoxicity.

I ka hoʻohana maoli ʻana, makemake ka nui o nā mahiʻai e hōʻemi i ka lakio dilution i ka nui i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o nā kuhikuhi a i ʻole e hoʻohana i kahi nui i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻonui i ka pono. Hoʻonui kēia i ka pilikia o ka phytotoxicity. I ka manawa like, hoʻohuihui nā mahiʻai i nā pesticides he nui no nā hopena synergistic, e nānā wale ana i nā inoa kālepa like ʻole akā e nānā ʻole ana i nā mea hana a me kā lākou mau mea. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kāwili ʻana, hōʻiliʻili ka nui o ka mea hana like, a piʻi ka nui o ka pesticide ma ke ʻano ʻole, e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o ka nui palekana a e hoʻoulu ai i ka phytotoxicity. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka hana o ka pesticide. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i nā pesticides nui e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka phytotoxicity.

4. Hoʻopilikia ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i ka palekana o ka mancozeb.

ʻO ka maikaʻi, ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, ka waiwai pulu, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻāpana mancozeb e pili ana i ka pono a me ka palekana o ka huahana. Loaʻa i kekahi mau huahana mancozeb o nā ʻoihana nā hemahema i nā ʻōkuhi loea e like me ka maikaʻi, ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, a me ka waiwai pulu ma muli o nā palena o ke kaʻina hana. I ka wā o ka hoʻohana maoli ʻana, he mea maʻamau ka hanana o ka pesticide layering a me ka sedimentation blocking i ka nozzle. ʻO ka sedimentation o ka pesticide i ka wā o ka pīpī ʻana e hoʻoulu ai i ka noʻonoʻo kūlike ʻole i ka wā o ke kaʻina pīpī ʻana, e hopena ana i ka lawa ʻole o ka pono ma nā ʻano haʻahaʻa a me ka phytotoxicity ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole o ka pesticide, i hui pū ʻia me ka nui o ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pīpī ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e laha maikaʻi ka pesticide ma luna o ka lau, e alakaʻi ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka hopena pesticide ma nā wēlau lau a me ka ʻili hua, e hopena ana i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe kūloko a me nā wahi phytotoxicity.