He aha ke kūlana a me ka manaʻolana o ke kālepa mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC?

I. ʻIke holoʻokoʻa o ke kālepa mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC mai kona komo ʻana i ka WTO

Mai 2001 a i 2023, ua hōʻike ka nui o ke kālepa ʻana o nā huahana mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC i kahi ʻano ulu mau, mai 2.58 biliona kālā US a i 81.03 biliona kālā US, me ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki he 17.0%. I waena o lākou, ua piʻi ka waiwai o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai mai 2.40 biliona kālā US a i 77.63 biliona kālā US, he piʻi ʻana o 31 mau manawa; Ua piʻi ka hoʻokuʻu aku i 19 manawa mai $170 miliona a i $3.40 biliona. Aia ko mākou ʻāina i ke kūlana hemahema i ke kālepa ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai me nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina, a ke hoʻomau nei ka hemahema. ʻO ka mākeke hoʻohana huahana mahiʻai nui ma ko mākou ʻāina ua hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai ma ʻAmelika Latina. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo mai nā huahana mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe mai ʻAmelika Latina, e like me ka cherry Chilean a me ka ʻōpae keʻokeʻo Ecuadorian, i kā mākou mākeke.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka mahele o nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina i ke kālepa mahiʻai o Kina, akā ʻaʻole kaulike ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku. Mai 2001 a 2023, ua piʻi ka hapa o ke kālepa mahiʻai Kina-ʻAmelika Latina i ke kālepa mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa o Kina mai 9.3% a i 24.3%. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka lawe mai ʻana mai o Kina i nā mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina mai ka hapa o ka nui o nā mea lawe mai mai 20.3% a i 33.2%, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina i nā mahiʻai i nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina mai ka hapa o ka nui o nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku mai 1.1% a i 3.4%.

2. Nā ʻano o ke kālepa mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC

(1) Nā hoa kālepa i hoʻohuihui ʻia

I ka makahiki 2001, ʻo Argentina, Brazil a me Peru nā kumu nui ʻekolu o ka lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana mahiʻai mai Latin America, me ka huina o ka waiwai lawe mai he 2.13 biliona kālā US, e helu ana i 88.8% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai mai Latin America i kēlā makahiki. Me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka laulima kālepa mahiʻai me nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lanakila ʻo Chile iā Peru e lilo i kumu ʻekolu nui loa o nā lawe mai mahiʻai ma Latin America, a ua lanakila ʻo Brazil iā Argentina e lilo i kumu mua loa o nā lawe mai mahiʻai. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka nui o nā huahana mahiʻai mai Kina mai Brazil, Argentina a me Chile he 58.93 biliona kālā US, e helu ana i 88.8% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina i kēlā makahiki. I waena o lākou, ua lawe mai ʻo Kina i 58.58 biliona kālā US o nā huahana mahiʻai mai Brazil, e helu ana i 75.1% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina, e helu ana i 25.0% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai ma Kina. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Brazil ke kumu nui loa o nā lawe mai i nā mahiʻai ma ʻAmelika Latina, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui loa o nā lawe mai i nā mahiʻai ma ka honua.

I ka makahiki 2001, ʻo Kuba, Mekiko a me Palakila nā mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku mahiʻai ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe loa o Kina i nā ʻāina LAC, me ka huina waiwai hoʻokuʻu aku he 110 miliona kālā ʻAmelika, e helu ana i 64.4% o ka huina waiwai hoʻokuʻu aku mahiʻai a Kina i nā ʻāina LAC i kēlā makahiki. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo Mekiko, Chile a me Palakila nā mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku mahiʻai ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe loa o Kina i nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina, me ka huina waiwai hoʻokuʻu aku he 2.15 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, e helu ana i 63.2% o ka huina waiwai hoʻokuʻu aku mahiʻai o kēlā makahiki.

(3) ʻO nā hua ʻaila a me nā huahana holoholona ka mea i lawe ʻia mai, a ua piʻi nui ka lawe ʻana mai o nā palaoa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei

ʻO Kina ka mea lawe mai i nā huahana mahiʻai nui loa o ka honua, a he nui ka noi no nā huahana mahiʻai e like me ka soybeans, ka pipi a me nā huaʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina. Mai ke komo ʻana o Kina i ka WTO, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina he mau hua ʻaila a me nā huahana holoholona, ​​a ua piʻi nui ka lawe ʻana mai o nā cereals i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.

I ka makahiki 2023, ua lawe mai ʻo Kina i 42.29 biliona kālā o nā hua ʻaila mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina, he piʻi ʻana o 3.3%, e helu ana i 57.1% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina. ʻO ka lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana holoholona, ​​nā huahana wai a me nā cereals he 13.67 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, 7.15 biliona kālā ʻAmelika a me 5.13 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kēlā me kēia. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana kulina he 4.05 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, he piʻi ʻana o 137,671 mau manawa, ʻo ke kumu nui no ka mea ua lawe ʻia aku ka kulina Palakila i ka nānā ʻana a me ke komo ʻana i ka quarantine o Kina. ʻO ka nui o nā lawe ʻana mai o ka kulina Palakila ua kākau hou i ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka kulina i noho aliʻi ʻia e Ukraine a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka wā ma mua.

(4) Hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana wai a me nā mea kanu

Mai ke komo ʻana o Kina i ka WTO, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu aku ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai i nā ʻāina LAC he mau huahana wai a me nā mea kanu, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua piʻi mau ka hoʻokuʻu aku ʻana i nā huahana palaoa a me nā huaʻai. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu aku ʻana o Kina i nā huahana wai a me nā mea kanu i nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina he $1.19 biliona a me $6.0 biliona, e helu ana i 35.0% a me 17.6% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai i nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latina.