He aha ke kūlana a me ka manaʻolana o ke kālepa mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC?

I. Ka nānā 'ana i ke kālepa mahi'ai ma waena o Kina a me nā'āina LAC mai ka wā i komo ai i WTO

Mai 2001 a 2023, ua hōʻike ka huina kalepa o nā huahana mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC i ka ulu mau ʻana, mai 2.58 biliona kālā ʻAmelika a i 81.03 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 17.0%. I waena o lākou, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka waiwai o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai 2,40 biliona kālā ʻAmelika a i 77,63 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kahi piʻi o 31 mau manawa; Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku i ka 19-fold mai $ 170 miliona a i $ 3.40 biliona. Aia ko mākou ʻāina i ke kūlana o ka deficit i ke kālepa ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai me nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin, a ke hoʻomau nei ka hapa. ʻO ka mākeke ʻai meaʻai nui i ko mākou ʻāina ua hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai ma Latin America. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo nā huahana mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe loa mai Latin America, e like me Chilean cherry a me Ecuadorian white shrimp, i kā mākou mākeke.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka māhele o nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin i ke kālepa mahiʻai o Kina, akā ʻaʻole kaulike ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻopuka. Mai ka makahiki 2001 a hiki i 2023, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hapa o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai Kina-Latin America i ka nui o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o Kina mai 9.3% a i 24.3%. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o Kina mai nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin i ka hapa o ka nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai ka 20.3% a i ka 33.2%, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mahiʻai a Kina i nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin i helu ʻia no ka hapa o ka nui o nā hoʻoiho mai 1.1% a 3.4%.

2. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kālepa mahiʻai ma waena o Kina a me nā ʻāina LAC

(1) ʻO nā hoa kālepa pili

I ka makahiki 2001, ʻo Argentina, Brazil a me Peru nā kumu nui ʻekolu o ka lawe ʻana mai i nā huahana mahiʻai mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, me ka nui o ka waiwai lawe mai he 2.13 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka 88.8% o ka nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai nā huahana mahiʻai mai ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i kēlā makahiki. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hui kālepa mahiʻai me nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻoi aku ʻo Chile ma mua o Peru e lilo i ke kolu o nā kumu waiwai nui o nā mea mahiʻai i ʻAmelika Latin, a ua ʻoi aku ʻo Brazil ma mua o Argentina e lilo i kumu kumu mua loa o nā mea mahiʻai. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o Kina i nā huahana mahiʻai mai Brazil, Argentina a me Chile ka huina o 58.93 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka 88.8% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin i kēlā makahiki. Ma waena o lākou, ua lawe mai ʻo Kina i 58.58 biliona kālā ʻAmelika o nā huahana mahiʻai mai Brazil mai, ʻo ia ka 75.1% o ka huina o ka lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin, ʻo ia ka 25.0% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai ma Kina. ʻAʻole ʻo Brazil wale nō ke kumu nui o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka mahiʻai ma Latin America, akā ʻo ke kumu nui hoʻi o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka mahiʻai ma ka honua.

I ka makahiki 2001, ʻo Cuba, Mekiko a me Palakila ka ʻekolu o nā mākeke kūʻai mahiʻai nui loa o Kina i nā ʻāina LAC, me ka nui o ka waiwai kūʻai aku he 110 miliona mau kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka 64.4% o ka nui o nā mea mahiʻai a Kina i nā ʻāina LAC i kēlā makahiki. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo Mekikoka, Chile a me Pasila ka ʻekolu o nā mākeke hoʻopukapuka mahiʻai ʻekolu o Kina i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin, me ka nui o ka waiwai kūʻai aku he 2.15 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka 63.2% o ka nui o nā hoʻoiho mahiʻai o kēlā makahiki.

(3) Loaʻa nā mea lawe mai e nā hua aila a me nā huahana holoholona, ​​a ua piʻi nui ka lawe ʻana mai i ka palaoa i nā makahiki i hala.

ʻO Kina ka mea hoʻopuka nui loa o ka honua i nā huahana mahiʻai, a he koi nui no nā huahana mahiʻai e like me ka soybeans, ka pipi a me nā huaʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin. Mai ke komo ʻana o Kina i WTO, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin ka nui o nā hua aila a me nā huahana holoholona, ​​​​a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai o nā cereals i nā makahiki i hala.

I ka makahiki 2023, ua lawe mai ʻo Kina i 42.29 biliona kālā o ka ʻaila hinu mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin, kahi hoʻonui o 3.3%, e helu ana i ka 57.1% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin. ʻO ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o nā huahana holoholona, ​​nā huahana wai a me nā cereals he 13.67 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, 7.15 biliona kālā ʻAmelika a me 5.13 biliona kālā ʻAmelika. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā huahana kulina he 4.05 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kahi hoʻonui o 137,671 mau manawa, ʻo ka mea nui no ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka palaoa ʻo Brazil i ka nānā ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o Kina. ʻO ka nui o nā mea lawe mai i ka palaoa Brazilian ua kākau hou i ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka kulina i hoʻomalu ʻia e Ukraine a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka wā ma mua.

(4) E hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana wai a me nā mea kanu

Mai ka komo ʻana o Kina i ka WTO, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana mahiʻai i nā ʻāina ʻo LAC ka nui o nā huahana wai a me nā mea kanu, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua piʻi mau ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huahana palaoa a me nā huaʻai. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina i nā huahana wai a me nā mea kanu i nā ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAmelika he $ 1.19 biliona a me $ 6.0 biliona, ʻo ia ka 35.0% a me 17.6% o ka huina o nā huahana mahiʻai i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin.