ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi ʻana ʻo ia ka loiloi i ke koena o ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o ka hale nui o ka pirimiphos-methyl, kahi hui odeltamethrina me clothianidin, a me clothianidin ma Alibori a me Tonga, ma ka akau o Benin.
I loko o ka manawa aʻo ʻekolu makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana i ka deltamethrin ma nā kaiāulu āpau. Ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana a i ʻole ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kūʻē i benzodiazepine. Uaʻikeʻia ka maʻalahi piha i ka pirimiphos-methyl ma 2019 a me 2020, aʻo ka hiki ke kū'ē i ka lāʻau hoʻokahi iʻikeʻia ma Djugu, Gogonu, a me Kandy ma 2021. Uaʻikeʻia ka hiki ke kū'ē i ka clothianidin i nā lā 4-6 ma hope o kaʻikeʻana. Hoʻomau ka hana o ka pirimiphos-methyl no nā mahina 4-5, aʻo ke koena o ka hana o clothianidin a me kahi hui o deltamethrin a me clothianidin i hoʻomau ʻia no nā mahina 8-10. Ua ʻoi aʻe ka maikaʻi o nā huahana like ʻole ma nā paia sima ma mua o nā pā pālolo.
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua maʻalahi loa ʻo Anopheles gambiae SL i ka clothianidin akā ua hōʻike ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana / hiki ke kūʻē i nā lāʻau insecticides ʻē aʻe i hoʻāʻo ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana koena o nā insecticides-based clothianidin ma mua o ka pirimiphos-methyl, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻomalu pono a hoʻomau i nā vectors pale pyrethroid.
No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka paipu WHO a me ka cone, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā heluna kūloko o Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (sl) a me kahi maʻi maʻalahi o Anophoeles gambiae (Kisumu) mai nā kaiāulu IRS like ʻole.
ʻO ka Pyrifos-methyl capsule suspension he insecticide prequalified e ka World Health Organization no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe i loko. ʻO ka Pyrifos-methyl 300 CS he mea hoʻomakeʻa organophosphorus me ka nui o ka 1.0 g mea hoʻoikaika ikaika (AI)/m² no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi malaria. Hana ʻo Pyrifos-methyl i ka acetylcholinesterase, ke kumu o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka acetylcholine i ka ʻāpana synaptic i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai nā mea hoʻokipa acetylcholine, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā neʻe aʻalolo a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka make ʻana o nā pepeke.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau insecticides me nā ʻano hana hou, e like me ka clothianidin, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomalu maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā vectors malaria pale pyrethroid. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pepeke, e pale ana i ka hilinaʻi nui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau neurotoxic ʻehā i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke olakino lehulehu. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana i kēia mau insecticides me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke lohi i ka ulu ʻana o ke kū'ē.
ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka Anopheles gambiae paʻakikī i ka clothianidin i loiloi wale ʻia ma 2021, ma mua o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā alakaʻi WHO, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi protocol optimized e Sumitomo Chemical (SCC) . nā kikowaena.[31] Ma 2021 wale nō i hoʻopuka ʻo WHO i nā alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka clothianidin.
Ua ʻoki ʻia ka pepa Whatman i ʻāpana he 12 knm ākea a he 15 knm ka lōʻihi, i hoʻopili ʻia me 13.2 mg o ka mea hana clothianidin a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i loko o 24 mau hola o ka impregnation.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kūlana maʻalahi o ka heluna namu i aʻo ʻia e like me nā koina WHO:
ʻEhā mau ʻāpana i aʻo ʻia: ka pae maʻalahi o ka heluna Anopheles gambiae kūloko i ka insecticide, ka hopena knockdown a i ʻole ka make koke ʻana i loko o 30 mau minuke, lohi i ka make a me ke koena o ka pono.
Loaʻa nā ʻikepili i hoʻohana ʻia a/a i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o kēia noiʻi ʻana mai ka mea kākau pili ma ke noi kūpono.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-22-2025