He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā pesticides i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nele o ka meaʻai honua a me ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi kanaka i lawe ʻia e nā vector. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia e ulu nei o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pesticides e koi koke ana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hui hou e kuhikuhi ana i nā pahuhopu i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia. Hiki i nā kahawai insect transient receptor potential (TRPV)—ʻo Nanzhong (Nan) a me ka hana ʻole (Iav)—ke hana i nā kahawai heterologous (Nan-Iav) a hoʻopili i nā ʻōpū mechanosensory e hoʻoponopono i ka geotropism, ka lohe, a me ka proprioception i nā pepeke. ʻO kekahi mau pesticides, e like me aphidopyrrolidone (AP), e kuhikuhi iā Nan-Iav ma o nā ʻano hana i ʻike ʻole ʻia. He kūpono ka AP e kūʻē i nā pepeke omo (hemipterans), e pale ana i ka hānai ʻana ma ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hana o nā filaments. Hiki iā AP ke hoʻopaʻa wale iā Nan, akā ʻo Nan-Iav wale nō ke launa pū me nā agonists, me ka nicotinamide endogenous (NAM), no laila e hōʻike ana i ka hana kahawai. ʻOiai ka hiki o Nan-Iav ma ke ʻano he pahuhopu insecticide, ʻaʻole ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana i kāna ʻākoakoa kahawai, nā wahi hoʻopaʻa hoʻoponopono, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Ca2+-dependent, e pale ana i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka insecticide. Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka microscopy cryo-electron e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o Nan-Iav i nā pepeke Hemiptera ma ke kūlana calmodulin-ligand-free, a me AP a me NAM ma ka palena o ka ankyrin repeat cytoplasmic domain (ARD). ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ua ʻike mākou hiki i ka protein Nan ponoʻī ke hana i kahi pentamer, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā pilina ARD i hoʻopili ʻia e AP. Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i nā pilina molekala ma waena o nā insecticides a me nā agonists a me Nan-Iav, e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ARD i ka hana a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ke kahawai, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Ca2+.
I loko o ke kua o ka loli nui o ke aniau honua, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka palekana meaʻai honua kekahi o nā pilikia nui o ke kenekulia 21, me nā hopena e pili pū ana i ke kaiāulu.1,2Ua manaʻo ka hōʻike a ka World Health Organization's State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 (SOFI) aia ma kahi o 2.33 biliona kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ʻeha nei i ka palekana ʻole o ka meaʻai ma ke ʻano waena a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, he pilikia lōʻihi.3,4ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua manaʻo ʻia he 20% a 30% a ʻoi aku paha o ka nui o nā mea kanu e nalowale ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā mea ʻino a me nā pathogens, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui ka hoʻomehana honua i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻino a me ka nāwaliwali o nā mea kanu.4,5,6,7,8He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pesticides ʻaʻole wale no ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā mea ʻino a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o nā pathogens i lawe ʻia e nā vector, akā no ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi kanaka i lawe ʻia e nā vector e like me ka dengue fever, malaria, a me ka maʻi Chagas, ka mea i kūpaʻa nui i nā pesticides.5,9,10,11
Ma waena o nā pahuhopu nui o nā insecticides neurotoxic, ʻo ke kahawai TRPV heterotetrameric ʻo Nanchung (Nan)-Inactive (Iav) e hōʻike ana i kahi papa o nā pahuhopu insecticide i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, me nā insecticides i loaʻa i ke kālepa e like me imidacloprid a me pyraclostrobin.12,13,14ʻO ka aphidopyrrolifen insecticide semisynthetic (AP) kahi huahana i hoʻomohala hou ʻia a kūʻai ʻia aku nei nona ka ʻāpana nui ʻo ia ka insecticide ikaika ʻo Inscalis®, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai iā AP ma kahi pae hana subnanomolar.15Hōʻike ka AP i ka ʻawahia haʻahaʻa i nā mea hoʻopulapula, nā pepeke maikaʻi, a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia, a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai e like me nā kuhikuhi i ka lepili, hiki iā ia ke hoʻemi i ke kaomi kū'ē i nā mea pepehi pepeke ʻē aʻe.16,17,18Ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia ʻo Nan lāua ʻo Iav ma nā ʻano pepeke, ua hōʻike like ʻia ma nā neurons receptor stretch chordal o nā antennae a me nā lālā, a he mea nui no ka lohe, ka ʻike ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi, a me ka proprioception.13,16,19,20,21,22Hoʻoulu ʻo AP, imidacloprid, a me pyraclostrobin i ka hui Nan-Iav ma o kahi ʻano hana kū hoʻokahi, e kāohi ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka hōʻailona proprioceptive.13,16,23I loko o nā pepeke omo ʻoi (hemipterans) e like me nā aphids a me nā whiteflies, ʻo ka nalowale o ka proprioception e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou hiki ke ʻai, a i ka hopena e alakaʻi ai i ka make.13,24ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hōʻike ʻo AP i ka pilina kiʻekiʻe no ka hui Nan-Iav a me ka pilina haʻahaʻa no Nan wale nō. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o AP iā Nan-Iav e hoʻoulu ai i kahi au uila, akā ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā Nan wale nō ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka hana kahawai. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo Iav iho e hoʻopaʻa iā AP.16Hōʻike kēia e hiki iā Nan lāua ʻo Iav ke hoʻopaʻa e hana i nā ʻano paʻakikī like ʻole o ke kahawai Nan-Iav (e laʻa, me nā lakio stoichiometric like ʻole a i ʻole nā hoʻonohonoho like ʻole i loko o ka lakio stoichiometric like) a i ʻole hiki iā AP ke hoʻopaʻa i nā wahi he nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka agonist nicotinamide kūlohelohe (NAM) e hoʻopaʻa iā Drosophila Nan-Iav me ka micromolar affinity, e hōʻike ana i nā hopena like me nā aphids (AP) ma vitro.16,25a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana o nā aphid, a ma hope e alakaʻi ai i ko lākou make ʻana25,26. Hāpai kēia ʻikepili i nā nīnau he nui. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole maopopo pehea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka Nan-Iav heterodimer, nā wahi hoʻopaʻa e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i nā molekala liʻiliʻi, a pehea e hoʻoponopono ai kēia mau molekala liʻiliʻi i ka hana o ke kahawai ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka proprioception. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kumu i hana ʻole ai ʻo Nan iho a he haʻahaʻa ka pilina no AP, ʻoiai ʻo ka Nan-Iav heterodimer e hana nei a hoʻopaʻa iā AP me ka pilina kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻaʻole ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Ca2+-dependent o ka hana Nan-Iav a pehea e hoʻohui ʻia ai i loko o nā kaʻina hana hōʻailona neuronal..13,21
Ma kēia haʻawina, e hoʻohui ana i ka microscopy cryo-electron, electrophysiology, a me nā ʻano hana hoʻopaʻa radioligand, ua wehewehe mākou i ka ʻākoakoa ʻana o Nan-Iav a me ke ʻano o kona hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻoponopono mole liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike mākou i ka calmodulin (CaM) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i Iav a me nā pentamers Nan i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e AP. Hāʻawi kēia mau hopena i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā ion calcium i nā kahawai, ka ʻākoakoa ʻana o ke kahawai, a me nā mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka pilina pili ligand. ʻOi aku ka mea nui, ua hōʻoia mākou he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ARD i kēia mau kaʻina hana. ʻO kā mākou haʻawina o nā kahawai pepeke piha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā pesticides mahiʻai pili.27, 28, 29wehe i nā manaʻolana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana pesticide, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono a me ke ʻano kikoʻī o nā pesticides, a hiki ai ke hoʻopili ʻia nā hui i kuhikuhi ʻia iā TRPV i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻoponopono i ka palekana meaʻai honua a me ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā vector.
Ua ʻike pū mākou ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻo Nan-Iav e Ca2+, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana e CaM i hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻokoʻa loa kēia hoʻoponopono ʻana o Nav e CaM e Ca2+ mai nā ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā kahawai ion ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, nā kahawai Na+ i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka voltage a me nā kahawai TRPV5/6)52,53,54,55,56,57Ma ke kahawai Nav1.2, pili ka kikowaena C-terminal o CaM me ka kikowaena C-terminal (CTD), a hoʻoulu ʻo Ca2+ i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kona kikowaena N-terminal i ka ʻāpana distal o ka CTD.56Ma ke kahawai TRPV5/6, hoʻopaʻa ka kikowaena C-terminal o CaM iā CTH, a hoʻoulu ʻo Ca2+ i ka hoʻonui ʻana i luna o kona kikowaena N-terminal i loko o ka pore, no laila e ālai ana i ka permeability cation.53,54. Ke hāpai nei mākou i kahi kumu hoʻohālike no ka hana i hoʻoponopono ʻia e Ca2+ o Nan-Iav-CaM (Kiʻi 4h). Ma kēia kumu hoʻohālike, hoʻopaʻa mau ka kikowaena N-terminal o CaM i ka kikowaena C-terminal (CTH) o Iav. I ke kūlana hoʻomaha (haʻahaʻa [Ca2+] concentration), launa pū ka kikowaena C-terminal o CaM me Nan, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ke ʻano ARD a pēlā e hoʻolaha ai i ka wehe ʻana o ke kahawai. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kahi agonist/insecticide i ke kahawai e hoʻoulu ai i ka wehe ʻana o nā pore, e alakaʻi ana i ka Ca2+ influx. A laila hoʻopaʻa ʻo Ca2+ iā CaM, e hana ana i ka dissociation o ka kikowaena C-terminal mai ka ARD o Nan. No ka mea, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o CaM e hoʻopau loa i ka hopena inhibitory o Ca2+, hoʻololi kēia dissociation i ka mobility ARD, a laila e hana ai i ka Ca2+-dependent inhibition a i ʻole desensitization. ʻO ka hoʻōla wikiwiki ʻana o nā kahe kahawai ma hope o ka calcium ion elution (Kiʻi 4g) e hōʻike ana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia ʻano hana i nā pane wikiwiki i nā hōʻailona neuronal i hoʻopili ʻia e Ca2+. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana C-terminal o Iav, kahi i hoʻomaopopo pono ʻole ʻia, e pāʻani i nā kuleana ʻē aʻe i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ke kahawai a me nā hoʻoponopono o kēia manawa.21
ʻO ka mea hope loa, hōʻike kā mākou noiʻi i ke ʻano hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe o kahi paʻakikī kahawai TRP insecticide-insecticide o ka mahiʻai koʻikoʻi - kahi ʻike i ʻike ʻole ʻia e mākou ma mua. ʻIke ʻia, ua wehewehe mākou i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ke kahawai pepeke i loko o nā pūnaewele kanaka (HEK293S GnTi–) ma mua o nā pūnaewele pepeke. I ke alo o ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide a me ke kaomi mau ʻana i ka palekana meaʻai a me nā pathogens, hāʻawi kā mākou hana i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā insecticides hou no ka pono o ke olakino kanaka a me ka palekana meaʻai honua. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he kūpono nā insecticides e like me AP i kekahi mau mea ʻino ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā kuhikuhi lepili a he haʻahaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa koʻikoʻi i nā pollinators maikaʻi, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou palekana kaiapuni.13,16Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o kekahi mau mea i loaʻa mai ka AP ma nā makika e nalowale ana ko lākou hiki ke lele. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kēia mau pūhui modulating iā Nan-Iav e kōkua i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pūhui e kū nei a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pūhui hou no ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me kapololeikaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino. Hōʻike kā mākou noiʻi he mea koʻikoʻi ka pilina Nan-Iav ARD ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana o nā hui endogenous, nā pesticides, a me Ca2+-CaM, akā no ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ke kahawai. Manaʻo mākou ʻo ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hōʻuluʻulu heterodimer me nā mole liʻiliʻi he ala kū hoʻokahi a hoʻohiki no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea pale kahawai ion.
ʻO nā genes orthologous ʻewalu, ua koho ʻia nā genes piha o ka beetle brown (Halyomorpha halys) Nanchung lāua ʻo Inactive, e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā detergents. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā genes i synthesized ʻia no ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kanaka a ua cloned ʻia i loko o ka vector pBacMam pCMV-DEST (Life Technologies) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaewele palena ʻo XhoI a me EcoRI. Ua hōʻoia kēia ua noho nā clones i loko o ke kiʻi me nā lepili C-terminal GFP-FLAG-10xHis a me mCherry-FLAG-10xHis, i ʻoki ʻia e ka HRC-3C protease (PPX), e ʻae ana i ke kūʻokoʻahōʻike manaʻoʻO nā primers i hoʻohana ʻia e clone iā Nanchung lāua ʻo Inactive i loko o ka vector pBacMam penei:
Ua loaʻa nā kiʻi microscopic o nā ʻāpana pākahi ma kahi microscope electron transmission Titan Krios G2 (FEI) i lako me kahi kāmela K3 a me kahi kānana ikehu Gatan BioQuantum. Ua hana ʻia ka microscope ma 300 keV, me kahi hoʻonohonoho ikehu o 20 eV, kahi nui o ka pixel laʻana o 1.08 Å/pixel (hoʻonui nominal o 81,000x), a me kahi gradient defocus mai -0.8 a i -2.2 μm. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa wikiō ma 40 mau kiʻi i kekona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope Latitude S (Gatan) me ka helu dose nominal o 25 e–px−1 s−1, kahi manawa hōʻike o 2.4 s, a me ka huina dose ma kahi o 60 e–Å−2.
Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono neʻe ʻana i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka beam a me ke kaupaona ʻana i ka mahele ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā MotionCor2 ma RELION 4.061. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka hana hoʻoili ʻokoʻa (CTF) ma cryoSPARC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike CTF estimation62. Ua kāpae ʻia nā photomicrographs me kahi hoʻonā kūpono CTF ≥4 Å mai ka loiloi ma hope. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana o 500-1000 photomicrographs no ke koho ʻana i nā kiko ma cryoSPARC, a ukali ʻia e kekahi mau pōʻai o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana 2D ma hope o ke kānana ʻana e loaʻa ai kahi kiʻi kuhikuhi maopopo no ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka template. A laila ua unuhi ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu hoʻopaʻa 64-pixel a me ka binning 4-fold. Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau pōʻai o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana 2D e wehe i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana i makemake ʻole ʻia. Ua kūkulu hou ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike 3D mua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana o ab initio a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole i ka cryoSPARC. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana 3D ma cryoSPARC a i ʻole RELION ma muli o ka heterogeneity ARD. ʻAʻohe heterogeneity koʻikoʻi o nā kikowaena membrane i ʻike ʻia. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano C1 a me C2; ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻonā C2 kiʻekiʻe he symmetric e pili ana iā C2 a lawe ʻia mai i loko o RELION no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe Bayesian. A laila ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana i cryoSPARC no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hope loa ʻole a me ke kūloko. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonā hope loa a me ka helu ʻāpana ma ka Papa 1.
I ka wā e hana ana i nā pentamers Nan+AP, ua ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā ʻāpana membrane (ʻoi aku ka ʻāpana pore), e like me ka hōʻailona hōʻemi a me ka TMD masking. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i holomua kēia mau hoʻāʻo ma muli o ka maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ma ka ʻāpana pore a me ka heterogeneity holoʻokoʻa o ka TMD. Ua helu ʻia ka hoʻonā hope loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mask i hana ʻia e ke ʻano hana nonuniform ma cryoSPARC, e kuhikuhi nui ana i ka ʻāpana ARD. Ua loaʻa i kēia ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o nā ʻāpana membrane (ʻoi aku ka ʻāpana VSLD).
Ua hana mua ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona de novo mua o nā ʻano apo o nā pepeke Nanchung a me Inactive me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Coot63, a ua hana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pepeke Nan a me Iav me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā AlphaFold264 e ʻike i nā wahi hilinaʻi haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālike Calmodulin ma nā ʻano kino paʻa o nā hiʻohiʻona Ca2+-binding a me Ca2+-free ma nā ʻāpana PDB 4JPZ56 a me 1CFD65, kēlā me kēia. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe spherical e hōʻoia i ka stereochemistry pololei a me ke geometry maikaʻi. A laila ua hoʻohālike ʻia ʻo Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, a me phosphatidylserine e like me nā densities lipid i wehewehe pono ʻia, a ua kau ʻia nā ligands NAM a me AP i nā densities like i nā hui paʻa. Ua hana ʻia nā faila constraint mai ke kaula SMILES o nā isoforms me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā eLBOW ma PHENIX66. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ma kahi maoli ma PHENIX me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻimi grid kūloko a me ka hoʻēmi honua me nā palena kūkulu lua. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kikowaena MolProbity no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike a me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano, a ua hana ʻia nā kiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā PyMOL a me UCSF Chimera X. 67,68,69 Ua hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka puka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kikowaena HOLE,70 a ua hana ʻia ka palapala ʻāina mālama moʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kikowaena Consurf.71
Ua hana ʻia ka loiloi helu me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Igor Pro 6.2, Excel Office 365, a me GraphPad Prism 7.0. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili quantitative āpau ma ke ʻano he mean ± standard error (SEM). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka t-test a Student (ʻelua-tailed, unpaired) e hoʻohālikelike i ʻelua mau hui. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi hoʻokahi ala o ka variance (ANOVA) a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo post hoc a Dunnett e hoʻohālikelike i nā hui he nui. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, a me ***PUa manaʻo ʻia he koʻikoʻi ka < 0.001 ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ʻikepili. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Kd, nā waiwai Ki, a me kā lākou mau waena hilinaʻi 95% asymmetric me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka GraphPad Prism 10.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ke ʻano hana o ke aʻo ʻana, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i ka Nature Portfolio Report Summary i hoʻopili ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala.
Ua kūkulu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike mua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālike calmodulin mai nā waihona ʻikepili PDB 4JPZ a me 1CFD. Ua waiho ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho i loko o ka Protein Data Bank (PDB) ma lalo o nā helu komo 9NVN (Nan-Iav-CaM me ka ʻole o ka ligand), 9NVO (Nan-Iav-CaM i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka nicotinamide), 9NVP (Nan-Iav-CaM i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka nicotinamide a me EDTA), 9NVQ (Nan-Iav-CaM i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka aphenidolpyrrolline a me ka calcium), 9NVR (Nan-Iav-CaM i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka aphenidolpyrrolline a me EDTA), a me 9NVS (Nan pentamer i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka aphenidolpyrrolline). Ua waiho ʻia nā kiʻi microscopy cryo-electron e pili ana i loko o ka Electron Microscopy Database (EMDB) ma lalo o nā helu komo: EMD-49844 (Nan-Iav-CaM me ka ʻole o ka ligand), EMD-49845 (Nan-Iav-CaM complex me ka nicotinamide), EMD-49846 (Nan-Iav-CaM complex me ka nicotinamide a me EDTA), EMD-49847 (Nan-Iav-CaM complex me ka aphidopyrrolline a me ka calcium), EMD-49848 (Nan-Iav-CaM complex me ka aphidopyrrolline a me EDTA), a me EMD-49849 (Nan pentamer complex me ka aphidopyrrolline). Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili maka no ka loiloi hana ma kēia pepa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-28-2026