E hoʻohana i nā fungicides no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala apple ma mua o nā wā maʻi mua i manaʻo ʻia

ʻO ka wela mau ma Michigan i kēia manawa he mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia a ua hoʻopūʻiwa i nā mea he nui e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāpala. Me ka ua i wānana ʻia no ka Pōʻalima, Malaki 23, a no ka pule aʻe,he mea nui e pale ʻia nā ʻano kanu i hiki ke pale ʻia mai kēia hanana maʻi scab mua i manaʻo ʻia.

I ke kau mua o 2010 (ʻaʻole i like ka mua me kā mākou i kēia manawa), ua emi iki ka haʻalulu scab ma hope o nā kumu ʻāpala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana no ka mea ua lōʻihi ka manawa o ka uhi hau ma mua o ke kau i mālama ai i ka haʻalulu i nā lau anuanu i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka nele o ka uhi hau i kēia "puna" o 2012 a me ka nele o nā mahana anuanu maoli i ka hoʻoilo e hōʻike ana ua mākaukau ka haʻalulu scab e hele i kēia manawa.

Aia nā ʻāpala ma ke komohana hema o Michigan ma kahi hui paʻa a ma ka piko ʻōmaʻomaʻo 0.5-ʻīniha ma ka Ridge. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā lāʻau i kēia wā o ka ulu wikiwiki loa he hana mua koʻikoʻi ia e pale ai i kahi maʻi ahulau ʻāpala. E loaʻa paha iā mākou kahi ukana spore kiʻekiʻe ma waho no kēia wā maʻi scab mua e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā ʻiʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loaʻa, hiki i nā maʻi scab ma ka piko ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke loaʻa nā hopena waiwai koʻikoʻi. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo nā ʻeha scab i hoʻomaka ʻia a puni ka piko ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hana pinepine i nā conidia ma waena o ka poni a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka petal, ʻo ia ka manawa kuʻuna i ka wā e nui loa ai nā ascospores mua. E paʻakikī loa ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka scab ma lalo o ia kaomi inoculum kiʻekiʻe a me ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau i nā manawa ma hope kahi e ulu wikiwiki ai ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻiʻo i pale ʻole ʻia ma waena o nā noi fungicide.

ʻO nā fungicides maikaʻi loa i loaʻa no ka kaohi ʻana i ka scab i kēia manawa o ke kau mua, ʻo ia nā mea pale ākea: ʻo Captan a me nā EBDC. Ua lohi paha no ke keleawe (e nānā i ka ʻatikala ma mua, "ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke keleawe i ke kau mua e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka manaʻo 'blues' e pili ana i nā maʻi"). Eia kekahi, ua wela loa ia no nā anilinopyrimidines (Scala lāua ʻo Vangard) nona ka hopena maikaʻi i nā mahana anuanu (kiʻekiʻe ma ka haʻahaʻa o 60s a ma lalo). ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka pahu me Captan (3 lbs/A Captan 50W) a me EBDC (3 lbs) he hui maikaʻi loa ia no ka pale ʻana i ka scab. Hoʻohana kēia hui i ka hopena o nā mea ʻelua a me ka paʻa maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻana o nā EBDC. Pono e ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā manawa pīpī ma mua o ka maʻamau ma muli o ka nui o ka ulu hou ʻana. Eia kekahi, e makaʻala me Captan, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Captan me nā aila a i ʻole kekahi mau mea hoʻouluulu foliar hiki ke alakaʻi i ka phytotoxicity.

Ke lohe nei mākou i ka nui o ka hopohopo (kūpono piha) e pili ana i ka manaʻolana o kahi mea kanu no 2012. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke wānana i ke aniau, akā he mea koʻikoʻi ka kaohi ʻana i ka scab i ka wā mua. Inā mākou e ʻae i ka scab e paʻa i ka wā mua, a loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea kanu, e loaʻa i ka fungus ka mea kanu ma hope. ʻO ka scab kekahi mea hiki iā mākou ke kaohi i kēia kau mua - e hana kākou!