E hele ana na kanaka i kekahi mau hana hoohenehene e pale aku i ka nahu namu. Puhi lākou i ka lepo bipi, ʻili niu, a kope paha. Inu lākou i ka gin a me ka tonic. ʻAi lākou i ka maiʻa. Hoʻopaʻa lākou iā lākou iho me ka mouthwash a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana iā lākou iho i loko o kahi hopena clove/waiʻona. Hoʻomaloʻo lākou iā lākou iho me Bounce. "Ua ʻike ʻoe, kēlā mau pepa ʻala maikaʻi āu i hoʻokomo ai i loko o ka mea maloʻo," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Immo Hansen, PhD, he loea ma ka Institute of Applied Biosciences ma New Mexico State University.
ʻAʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia kekahi o kēia mau ʻano hana e ʻike ai inā he kipi maoli lākou i nā makika. Akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻōki i ka poʻe mai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā lākou, e like me kahi noiʻi e paʻi ʻia i kēia kauwela e Hansen a me kāna hoa hana ʻo Stacy Rodriguez, nāna e hoʻokele i ka hana ʻo Hansen ma New Mexico State University. Hoʻopaʻa ʻo Stacy Rodriguez i nā ala e pale ai i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka makika. Ua nānā ʻo ia a me kāna mau hoa hana i ka poʻe 5,000 e pili ana i ko lākou pale ʻana iā lākou iho mai nā namu. Ua hoʻohana ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i nā namu kuʻuna.
A laila nīnau nā mea noiʻi iā lākou e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau. Ma laila e komo ai ka lepo bipi a me ka pepa maloʻo. Ma kahi ninaninau, ua haʻi ʻo Hansen lāua ʻo Rodriguez i kekahi o nā pane i loaʻa iā lākou. Ua paʻi ʻia kā lākou pepa ma ka puke pai peer-reviewed PeerJ.
Ma waho aʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā pale kuʻuna, aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe e pale ai iā ʻoe iho mai nā makika a me nā maʻi a lākou e lawe ai. Ua kamaʻilio ʻo NPR me ka poʻe noiʻi, he nui ka poʻe o lākou e hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui i loko o nā ululāʻau i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā makika, nā ʻauwai, a me nā wahi wela.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā huahana i loaʻa iā DEET he palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi. He pōkole ʻo DEET no ka kemika N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, ʻo ia ka mea hana i loko o nā mea hoʻomake pepeke. Ua nānā ʻia kahi pepa 2015 i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of Insect Science i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano lāʻau insecticides pāʻoihana a ʻike i nā huahana i loaʻa iā DEET he maikaʻi a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. ʻO Rodriguez lāua ʻo Hansen nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi 2015, a lākou i hana hou ai i kahi pepa 2017 ma ka puke pai like.
Ua paʻi ka DEET i nā papa hale kūʻai i ka makahiki 1957. Aia nā hopohopo mua e pili ana i kona palekana, me ka manaʻo o kekahi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia neurological. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā loiloi hou aʻe, e like me kahi noiʻi ʻo Iune 2014 i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻo Parasites and Vectors, e hoʻomaopopo ʻo "nā hoʻāʻo holoholona, nā noiʻi nānā ʻana, a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i loaʻa ʻole kahi hōʻike o nā hopena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o DEET."
ʻAʻole ʻo DEET wale nō ka mea kaua. ʻO nā huahana i loaʻa nā mea ikaika picaridin a me IR 3535 ua like like ka hopena, wahi a Kauka Dan Strickman o ka Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Global Health Program (he mea kākoʻo NPR) a me ka mea kākau o Preventing Insect Bites, Stings, and Disease.
Ke hōʻike nei nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention e palekana a maikaʻi nā repellents i loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau mea hana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau repellents a puni ka honua.
“Picaridinʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kaDEETa ʻike ʻia e pale aku i nā makika," wahi āna. Ke hoʻohana ka poʻe i ka DEET, hiki i nā makika ke kau ma luna o lākou akā ʻaʻole e nahu. Ke hoʻohana lākou i nā huahana i loaʻa ka picaridin, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pae ʻana o nā makika. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā repellents i loaʻa i ka IR 3535, wahi a Strickman, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻala ikaika o nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
Aia pū kekahi petrolatum lemon eucalyptus (PMD), he ʻaila maoli i loaʻa mai nā lau ʻala lemon a me nā lālā o ka lāʻau eucalyptus, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka CDC. ʻO ka PMD ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaila e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā inike. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o New Mexico State he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i loaʻa i ka ʻaila lemon eucalyptus e like me nā mea i loaʻa iā DEET, a ua lōʻihi ka hopena. "Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka stigma e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika ma ko lākou ʻili. Makemake lākou i nā huahana kūlohelohe, "wahi a Rodriguez.
I ka makahiki 2015, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike kamahaʻo: ʻO ka ʻala ʻo Victoria's Secret's Bombshell he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka pale ʻana i nā makika. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Hansen lāua ʻo Rodriguez ua hoʻohui lākou iā ia i kā lākou huahana hoʻāʻo ma ke ʻano he mana maikaʻi no ka mea ua manaʻo lākou e huki ʻia kona ʻala pua i nā makika. He mea hoʻowahāwahā ka makika i ke ʻala.
ʻO kā lākou noiʻi hou loa, mai 2017, ua hāʻawi pū i nā mea kupanaha. Hoʻopili ʻia ka huahana, kapa ʻia ʻo Off Clip-On, i ka lole a loaʻa i ka metofluthrin mea hoʻokuʻu i nā pepeke kūloko, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōlelo a ka CDC. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka mea ʻaʻahu no ka poʻe e noho ana ma kahi hoʻokahi, e like me nā mākua e nānā ana i ka pāʻani pōpopo. Hoʻohana ka mea nāna e hoʻohana i ka mask i kahi peʻahi liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākaukau e puhi ana i kahi ao liʻiliʻi o ka noe pale i ka lewa a puni ka mea hoʻohana. "He hana maoli nō ia," wahi a Hansen, me ka hoʻohui ʻana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā iniseti e like me DEET a i ʻole ka aila o ka lemon eucalyptus.
ʻAʻole nā huahana a pau e hāʻawi i nā hopena a lākou i hoʻohiki ai. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina 2015 ʻaʻole pono nā pākī vitamina B1 i ke kipaku ʻana i nā makika. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi noiʻi 2017 i nā kukui citronella i waena o nā huahana i pale ʻole i nā makika.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kūpeʻe lima a me nā kaula i kapa ʻia ʻaʻole pale i nā makika. Loaʻa i kēia mau huahana nā aila like ʻole, me ka citronella a me ka lemongrass.
"Ua nahu au i ka makika ma nā kūpeʻe lima aʻu i hoʻāʻo ai," wahi a Rodriguez. "Hoʻolaha lākou i kēia mau kūpeʻe lima a me nā kāʻei i mea e pale aku ai iā Zika [he maʻi maʻi lawe ʻia e ka namu e hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hānau ʻana i nā wahine hāpai], akā ʻaʻole pono kēia mau kūpeʻe lima."
ʻO nā mea kani kani kani, ka mea e hoʻopuka i nā leo i hiki ʻole i ke kanaka ke lohe akā ʻaʻole hana nā mea kūʻai aku i ka inaina o ka namu. "ʻAʻohe hopena o nā mea sonic a mākou i hoʻāʻo ai," wahi a Hansen. “Ua hoʻāʻo mākou i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ma mua. ʻAʻole pono lākou. ʻAʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema e pale ʻia nā makika e ke kani.
Wahi a ka poʻe akamai, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana. Inā hele ka poʻe i waho no hoʻokahi hola a ʻelua paha, pono lākou e hoʻohana i nā huahana i loaʻa nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o DEET (ʻōlelo ka lepili ma kahi o 10 pakeneka) no ka pale. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr. Jorge Rey, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory ma Vero Beach, inā e hele ana nā kānaka i nā wahi ulu lāʻau, nā ululāʻau, a i ʻole nā kauā, pono lākou e hoʻohana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o DEET - 20 pakeneka i ka 25 pakeneka - a hoʻololi iā ia e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻehā hola. "ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi," wahi a Rey.
Eia hou, e hahai i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi dosing a ka mea hana. "Ke manaʻo nei ka nui o ka poʻe inā maikaʻi ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka nui," wahi a Kauka William Reisen, ke kaukaʻi emeritus ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. "ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e ʻauʻau i nā mea."
Ke hele ʻo Ray i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia, e like me Florida's Everglades National Park, e hana i ka noiʻi, ʻaʻahu ʻo ia i nā mea pale. "E komo mākou i nā pālule lōʻihi a me nā pālule lima lōʻihi," wahi āna. "Inā ʻino maoli, e kau mākou i nā pāpale me nā ʻupena ma luna o ko mākou mau maka. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ko mākou mau lima, ka ʻāʻī, a me ka maka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e kūʻē i ka pīpī ʻana ma kou alo. I mea e pale aku ai i ka huhū o ka maka, e kau i ka repellent i kou mau lima, a laila e hamo ma kou alo.
Mai poina i kou mau wāwae. Loaʻa i nā makika nā makemake olfactory kūikawā. Nui nā makika, ʻoi aku ka namu Aedes e lawe ana i ka maʻi Zika, e like me ke ʻala o nā wāwae.
"ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke komo ʻana i nā kāmaʻa," wahi a Rodriguez. He mea nui nā kamaa a me nā pūkini, a ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pants i loko o nā soka a i ʻole nā kāmaʻa e pale aku i ka komo ʻana o nā makika i kou lole. Ma nā wahi namu, ʻaʻahu ʻo ia i nā pālule lōʻihi a ʻaʻole maoli nā pants yoga. "Maikaʻi ka namu ʻo Spandex. Nahu lākou i loko o ia mea. Hoʻokomo wau i nā pālule ʻeke a me nā pālule lima lōʻihi a hoʻokomo i ka DEET."
Hiki i nā makika ke nahu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā, akā makemake ka namu Aedes aegypti e lawe ana i ka maʻi Zika i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, wahi a Strickman. Inā hiki, e noho i loko o ka hale me nā pale puka makani a i ʻole ea ea i kēia mau manawa.
Ma muli o ka hānau ʻana o kēia mau makika i ka wai kū i loko o nā pahu e like me nā ipu pua, nā panaka kahiko, nā bākeke a me nā ʻōpala, pono e wehe nā kānaka i nā wahi wai kū a puni lākou. "Ua ʻae ʻia nā loko ʻauʻau inā ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻia," wahi a Ray. Hiki nō hoʻi i nā mea kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā loko i ka namu. Pono ka nānā pono ʻana e ʻimi i nā wahi hoʻohua namu a pau. "Ua ʻike au i ka ulu ʻana o nā makika i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka wai kokoke i nā poho a i ʻole ma lalo o ke aniani e hoʻohana ai nā kānaka e palaki i ko lākou niho," wahi a Strickman. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wahi wai kū e hoʻemi nui i ka heluna namu.
ʻO ka nui o ka poʻe e hana i kēia hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā makika. "ʻAʻole paha i kūpono, akā e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka heluna namu," wahi a Strickman.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Hansen e hana ana kāna lab i kahi ʻenehana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā makika kāne me ka radiation a laila hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i loko o ke kaiapuni. Hana ka makika kāne me ka wahine, a hoʻohua ka wahine, ʻaʻole ʻoʻo nā hua. Hoʻopili ka ʻenehana i nā ʻano ʻano kikoʻī, e like me ka namu Aedes aegypti, nāna e hoʻolaha iā Zika, dengue fever a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
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I kēia makahiki, ua lanakila ʻo Hour72+ i ka makana nui ʻo Dubilier $75,000 ma ka hoʻokūkū hoʻomaka makahiki ʻo Harvard Business School. Hoʻolālā ʻo Karan e hana hou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka prototype, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kālepa, e ʻike i ka lōʻihi e hiki ai ke hana pono.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-17-2025