Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā huahana pale mea kanu i ʻehā mau loulou: "nā mea maka - waena - nā lāʻau lapaʻau kumu - hoʻomākaukau".ʻO ka upstream ka ʻoihana ʻaila/kemika, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea maka no nā huahana pale mea kanu, ʻo ka nui o nā mea kemika inorganic e like me ka phosphorus melemele a me ka chlorine wai, a me nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe e like me ka methanol a me "tribenzene".
ʻO ka ʻoihana midstream ka nui o nā mea waena a me nā lāʻau ikaika.ʻO nā mea waena ke kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika, a ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa e koi i nā intermediates ʻokoʻa i ka hana hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka fluorine-containing intermediates, cyano-containing intermediates, a me heterocyclic intermediates.ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kumu ka huahana hope loa i haku ʻia me nā mea ikaika a me nā haumia i loaʻa i ke kaʻina hana o ka pesticide.Wahi a ka mea hoʻomalu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā herbicides, insecticides, fungicides a pēlā aku.
Hoʻopili nui nā ʻoihana i lalo i nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau.Ma muli o ka insoluble i ka wai a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui kūpono (e like me nā solvents, emulsifiers, dispersants, etc.) i hana ʻia i loko o nā ʻano dosage like ʻole. ma ka mahiai, ka ululaau, ka mahiai holoholona, ke ola kino a me na hana e ae.
01Ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka mākeke waena pesticide ma Kina
PesticideAia ka ʻoihana waena ma waena o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pesticide, nā hui multinational e hoʻomalu i ka noiʻi pesticide hou mua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me nā ala kūʻai aku o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hopena, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea waena a me nā mea hana e koho ai e kūʻai mai Kina, India a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, Kina. a ua lilo ʻo India i wahi hana nui o nā pesticide intermediates a me nā mea hana ikaika ma ka honua.
ʻO ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā mea waena pesticide ma Kina i mālama i ka ulu haʻahaʻa, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 1.4% mai 2014 a i 2023. Ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā ʻoihana waena pesticide o Kina e ke kulekele, a ua haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻohana.Hiki ke hoʻokō pono nā mea waena pesticide i hana ʻia ma Kina i nā pono o ka ʻoihana pesticide, akā pono e lawe ʻia kekahi mau mea waena.Hana ʻia kekahi o lākou ma Kina, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka nui a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ke hoʻokō i nā koi hana;ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o Kina ke hana.
Mai ka makahiki 2017, ua emi nui ka noi no ka pesticide intermediates ma Kina, a ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka mākeke ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka noi.ʻO ka mea nui ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana zero-growth o nā pesticides a me nā mea kanu, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ka noi ʻana o nā pesticides a me ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maka ma Kina, a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke koi no nā intermediates pesticide.I ka manawa like, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā palena o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua piʻi wikiwiki ke kumukūʻai o ka hapa nui o nā pesticide i ka makahiki 2017, e hoʻomau i ka nui o ka mākeke ʻoihana, a hāʻule mālie ke kumukūʻai mai 2018 a 2019 i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka lako i ka maʻamau.Wahi a nā helu helu, e like me 2022, ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke pesticide intermediates Kina ma kahi o 68.78 biliona yuan, a ʻo ka awelika kumu kūʻai ma kahi o 17,500 yuan/ton.
02Ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka mākeke hoʻomākaukau pesticide ma Kina
ʻO ka hāʻawi kālā ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pesticide e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka "smile curve": ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no 50%, waena 20%, nā lāʻau lapaʻau kumu 15%, nā lawelawe 15%, a ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana ʻo ia ka loulou waiwai nui, e noho ana i kahi kūlana paʻa i loko. ka puunaue waiwai o ke kaulahao oihana pesticide.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua, ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka ʻenehana synthetic a me ka hoʻokele kumukūʻai, ua kokoke ka mākaukau i ka mākeke terminal, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki o ka ʻoihana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ala a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka brand, ka lawelawe ma hope o ke kūʻai aku, a me nā ana hoʻokūkū ʻokoʻa a me ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe.Ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana zero-growth o ka pesticide a me ka fertilizer, ua hoʻomau ka noi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pesticide ma Kina, ua hoʻopilikia pololei i ka nui o ka mākeke a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka noi ʻana o Kina ua alakaʻi i ka pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka overcapacity, ka mea i hoʻoikaika hou i ka hoʻokūkū mākeke a hoʻopilikia i ka loaʻa kālā o nā ʻoihana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui a me ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pesticide ma Kina ma mua o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai, e hana ana i ke koena kālepa.Mai 2020 a 2022, e hoʻoponopono, hoʻololi a hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau pesticide o Kina.I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pesticide a Kina he 974 miliona US, he piʻi o 1.94% ma mua o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala, a ʻo nā ʻāina kumu hoʻokomo nui ʻo Indonesia, Iapana a me Kelemania.He $8.087 biliona nā mea kūʻai aku, ma lalo o 27.21% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me nā wahi hoʻoili nui ʻo Brazil (18.3%), Australia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻO 70% -80% o ka hana pesticide a Kina e hoʻokuʻu ʻia, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka waihona ma ka mākeke honua, a ua emi nui ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana pesticide i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pesticide i waho. 2023.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-22-2024