Nā Hoʻomohala Hou Loa o Topramezone

ʻO Topramezone ka lāʻau make lāʻau mua ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana i hoʻomohala ʻia e BASF no nā māla kulina, he mea hoʻopaʻa 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (4-HPPD). Mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana i ka makahiki 2011, ua helu ʻia ka inoa huahana "Baowei" ma Kina, e uhaʻi ana i nā hemahema palekana o nā lāʻau make lāʻau kulina maʻamau a huki i ka manaʻo o ka ʻoihana.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka topramezone ʻo ia kona palekana no ka kulina a me nā mea kanu ma hope, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma aneane nā ʻano kulina āpau e like me ka kulina maʻamau, ka kulina glutinous, ka kulina momona, ka kulina mahinaʻai, a me ka popcorn. I ka manawa like, he ākea ka laulā o ka herbicide, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka miscibility ikaika, a he hopena maikaʻi ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā nāhelehele i kūʻē i ka glyphosate, triazine, acetyllactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, a me nā acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors.

Wahi a nā hōʻike, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻoiai ua lilo nā nāhelehele kūpaʻa i mea paʻakikī ke kāohi i nā mahina ʻai kulina, ua emi iho ka loaʻa kālā a me ka pono o ka kaohi ʻana o nā herbicides paka a me ka nitrate kuʻuna, a ua hoʻonui ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻoihana pesticide kūloko i ka topramezone. Me ka pau ʻana o ka palapala Sila Nui a BASF ma Kina (ua pau ka helu palapala Sila Nui ZL98802797.6 no topramezone ma Ianuali 8, 2018), ke holomua nei ke kaʻina hana localization o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua, a e wehe mālie ʻia kāna mākeke.

I ka makahiki 2014, ʻo ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka topramezone ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa he 85 miliona kālā ʻAmelika, a i ka makahiki 2017, ua piʻi aʻe ke kūʻai aku ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 124 miliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka hā ma waena o nā herbicides inhibitor HPPD (ʻo nā mea kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu ʻo nitrosulfuron, isoxacloprid, a me cyclosulfuron). Eia kekahi, ua ʻaelike nā hui e like me Bayer lāua ʻo Syngenta e hoʻomohala pū i nā soybeans hoʻomanawanui HPPD, ka mea i kōkua pū i ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka topramezone. Mai ka manaʻo o ka nui o ke kūʻai aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, aia nā mākeke kūʻai nui o ka topramezone ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kelemānia, Kina, India, Indonesia, a me Mekiko.