I nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻemaʻe o koʻu ʻāina.ʻO ka mea mua, ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano hou he nui a me nā ʻenehana holomua mai nā ʻāina ʻē, a ʻo ka lua, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā ʻāpana kūloko pili i hiki ke hana i ka hapa nui o nā mea waiwai nui a me nā ʻano ʻano o nā insecticides maʻemaʻe.a e haʻi aku i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hou o ka hoʻomohala lāʻau.ʻOiai he nui nā ʻano mea lāʻau pesticide, e pili ana i nā pesticides maʻemaʻe, ʻo nā pyrethroids ka mea nui i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.No ka mea, ua hoʻomohala nā pests i nā pae like ʻole o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā pyrethroids ma kekahi mau wahi, a aia ke kū'ē kea, e pili ana i kona hoʻohana ʻana.Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea he nui nā pono kūʻokoʻa e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī ke hoʻololi ʻia e nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o kekahi manawa.ʻO nā ʻano mea maʻamau ka tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin a me ka waiwai dextramethrin Allethrin etc. ko'u aina.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana waikawa o ka allethrin maʻamau mai nā isomers cis a me trans a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā isomers hema a me ka ʻākau e hoʻonui i ka ratio o kona kino kūpono, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka huahana.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻololiʻia ke kino kūponoʻole i kino kūpono, e ho'ēmi ana i ke kumukūʻai.Hōʻike ia i ka hana ʻana o nā pyrethroids ma koʻu ʻāina i komo i ke kahua o ka hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa a me ke komo ʻana i ke kahua o ka stereochemistry a me ka ʻenehana hana optical kiʻekiʻe.ʻO Dichlorvos ma waena o ka organophosphorus insecticides ka ʻano me ka hua nui loa a me ka hoʻohana ākea ma muli o kona hopena knockdown ikaika, ikaika pepehi kanaka a me ka hana volatilization kūlohelohe, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ka DDVP a me nā chlorpyrifos i ka hoʻohana.Ma 1999, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, e like me ka ʻōlelo a WHO, ua hoʻomohala i kahi ākea ākea, wikiwiki a me ka acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā makika, nā nalo, nā cockroaches a me nā mites.
Ma waena o nā carbamates, propoxur a me Zhongbucarb i hoʻohana nui ʻia.Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka ʻikepili kūpono, ʻo ka huahana decomposition o sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, he mau pilikia toxicity.ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kēia huahana i ka papa inoa o nā huahana insecticide hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale i paʻi ʻia e ka World Health Organization i ka makahiki 1997, a koe ʻo Kina, ʻaʻohe ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua i hoʻohana i kēia huahana no nā huahana insecticide hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe home insecticides a e like me nā kūlana honua, ua hui pū ʻia ka Pesticide Control Institute o ka Ministry of Agriculture me nā kūlana aupuni o koʻu ʻāina, ma Malaki 23, 2000, no Zhongbuwei, nā kānāwai kūpono no ka hoʻololi lohi. i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale i hana ʻia.
Nui nā mea noiʻi e pili ana i nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu o nā pepeke, a he nui nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, etc. Ma kekahi mau wahi, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻomalu i nā larvae ma nā wahi hoʻohua namu a lele, a ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi.Hoʻolaha ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia lākou.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua noiʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana e like me ke Kulanui ʻo Fudan i nā pheromones housefly, a ua hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa ʻo Wuhan University i nā parvoviruses cockroach.Loaʻa i kēia mau huahana nā manaʻo hoʻohana ākea.Ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā huahana insecticide microbial, e like me: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, cockroach virus a me Metarhizium anisopliae ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana maʻemaʻe.ʻO nā synergists nui he piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, a me synergist amine.Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma muli o ka pilikia o ka noi noi o ka octachlorodipropyl etera, Nanjing Forestry Research Institute extracted AI-1 synergist mai turpentine, a me Shanghai Entomology Research Institute a me Nanjing Agricultural University i hoʻomohala i kahi synergist 94o.luna.Aia pū kekahi mau amine synergistic, synergists, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā synergists i loaʻa i ka mea kanu S-855.
I kēia manawa, aia he 87 mau mea ikaika o nā pesticides i ke kūlana kūpono o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa insecticide maʻemaʻe i ko mākou ʻāina, nona: 46 (52.87%) o nā pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) o organophosphorus, 5 o nā carbamates 1 (5.75). %), 5 mea anoano (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), a me 18 mau ano like ole (20.68%).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-20-2023