Nā ʻano hana o ka fluconazole

ʻO Fluoxapyr kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hui carboxamide.mea hoʻomake lāʻau makei hoʻomohala ʻia e BASF. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana pale a me nā hana hoʻōla maikaʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e pale a kāohi i nā maʻi fungal ākea, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 26 mau ʻano maʻi fungal. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no kahi kokoke i 100 mau mea kanu, e like me nā mea kanu cereal, nā legumes, nā mea kanu aila, nā pīnati, nā lāʻau pome a me nā lāʻau hua pōhaku, nā mea kanu aʻa a me nā ʻuala, nā mea kanu hua a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pulupulu, ka lau a i ʻole ka hua. ʻO Fluoxafenamide kahi mea hoʻopaʻa succinate dehydrogenase a he fungicide maikaʻi loa i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
Nā waiwai physicochemical o fluconazole

Inoa Kemika Fluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; Helu CAS: 907204-31-3, ʻAno molekala: C18H12F5N3O. Kaumaha molekala: 381.31 g/mol.ʻO Fluoxapyr (maʻemaʻe 99.3%) he mea paʻa keʻokeʻo a beige paha, ʻaʻohe ʻala, he kiko heheʻe 156.8 ℃, ka nui pili (20 ℃) ​​1.42 g/mL, palaho ma kahi o 230 ℃, kaomi mahu (manaʻo ʻia): 2.7 × 10- 9 Pa (20 °C), 8.1 × 10-9 Pa (25 °C); ʻO ke kūpaʻa o Henry: 3.028 × 10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Solubility (20 ℃): wai 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); mea hoʻoheheʻe organik (maʻemaʻe loea 99.2)%) (g/L, 20℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0, toluene 20.0±0.0, n-octanol 4.69±0.1, n-heptane 0.106 ± 0.001. coefficient mahele wai-n-octanol (20°C): wai deionized log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), awelika log Kow (3.10±0.02). Paʻa i ka hopena wai ma ka pH 4, 5, 7, 9 ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻeleʻele a sterile. Paʻa ke kukui.

Ka ʻawahia o Fluoxafen

ʻAkika waha koʻikoʻi i nā ʻiole (wahine) o ka lāʻau mua o fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, ʻakika ʻili koʻikoʻi i nā ʻiole (kāne a me ka wahine): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, ʻakika hanu koʻikoʻi i nā ʻiole (kāne a me ka wahine): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; huhū iki i nā maka lāpaki a me ka ʻili o nā lāpaki; ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻili puaʻa Guinea. ʻAʻohe carcinogenicity, ʻaʻohe teratogenicity, ʻaʻohe hopena ʻaoʻao i ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻohe genotoxicity, neurotoxicity a me immunotoxicity.
ʻAkika ʻino i nā manu LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, ʻakika ʻino i Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), ʻakika ʻino i ka iʻa (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, ʻakika ʻino i nā invertebrates wai (48 h) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, ʻakika ʻino i ka limu (72 h) EC50 0.70 mg/L, ʻakika pili ʻino i nā pi (48 h) LD50>100 μg/pi, ʻakika waha ʻino i nā pi (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/pi, ʻo ka ʻakika ʻino i nā ilo honua he LC50>1,000 mg/kg (14 lā). Mai ka ʻikepili ma luna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he ʻakika ʻo Fluoxafen i nā meaola wai a he haʻahaʻa ka ʻakika i nā meaola pono ʻē aʻe.

ʻAno hana o ka fluoxafen

ʻO Fluoxafenamide kahi mea hoʻopaʻa succinate dehydrogenase, kahi e hana ai ma ka succinate dehydrogenase i loko o ka mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II e kāohi i kāna hana, a laila e kāohi ana i ka germination o nā spores pathogen fungal, ka ulu ʻana o nā germ tubes a me ka mycelium.

Nā mea hoʻomalu Fluconazole

He kūpono loa ka Fluoxamid, ākea ka laulā, paʻa, koho, loaʻa ka conductivity systemic maikaʻi loa, a kūpaʻa i ka ua. Hiki iā ia ke kāohi pono i nā cereals, soybeans, kulina, rapeseed, nā lāʻau hua, nā mea kanu, a me nā beets kō ma o ka mālama ʻana i nā foliar a me nā hua. , nā pīnati, ka pulupulu, ka lau nahele a me nā mea kanu kūikawā, a pēlā aku, e like me nā palaoa, soybeans, nā lāʻau hua a me nā mea kanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā fungi cavity, botrytis cinerea, rust, powdery mildew of legumes, cotton blight, sunflower a me nā maʻi rapeseed i hoʻokumu ʻia e Alternaria, a pēlā aku. Ua kākau inoa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 70 mau mea kanu ma 2015, manaʻo ʻo BASF e kākau inoa no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 100 mau mea kanu.

Loaʻa iā Fluoxafen ka hiki ke hoʻololi ikaika, a he nui nā ʻano huahana hui. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) i ka palaoa, ka bale, ka triticale, ka rai a me ka ʻoka e kāohi i ka pauka mildew, ka pala lau, ka pala glume, ka pala stripe a me ka pala lau. Ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka soybean, kamato, ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a he hopena kūikawā kona i ka kaohi ʻana i ka soybean brown spot (Septoria glycines); Ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) ma Brazil no ka soybeans, citrus, ʻuala, ʻakaʻakai, kāloti, ʻāpala, mangoes, melons, kukama, pepa bele, kamato, canola, peanuts, kidney beans, sunflowers, sorghum, kulina, palaoa a me nā pua (Chrysanthemum a me rose), a pēlā aku, hiki ke kāohi i ka pala soybean Asia, hoʻonui i ka photosynthesis o nā mea kanu, a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokele pale ʻana i nā maʻi. Ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka ʻōpala hina soybean i kūʻē i nā fungicides methoxyacrylate. Ua kākau inoa ʻia ka mea mālama hua ʻo Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki ke kaohi i nā ʻano maʻi seedling refractory o nā mea kanu he nui.

Ua ulu wikiwiki nā fungicides succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻo fluoxamid ka huahana alakaʻi o kēia ʻano fungicides, mahalo i kona pono kiʻekiʻe, ka laulā ākea, ka hana ʻōnaehana, kūpono no nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ʻo ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o kāna huahana hui i hoʻonui i ka spectrum kaohi a me ka laulā o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia, a ua lilo i momi ʻālohilohi i ka mākeke fungicide.