ʻO Fluoxapyr kahi carboxamidefungicidehoʻomohala ʻia e BASF. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana pale a me ka therapeutic maikaʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e pale a hoʻopaʻa i nā maʻi leʻaleʻa ākea, ma kahi o 26 mau ʻano maʻi fungal. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no kahi kokoke i 100 mau mea kanu, e like me ka cereal crops, legumes, aila mea kanu, peanuts, pome a me nā kumulāʻau hua pōhaku, aʻa a me nā mea kanu tuber, nā hua ʻai a me ka pulupulu, ka lau a i ʻole nā hua lāʻau. ʻO ka Fluoxafenamide kahi mea hoʻopiʻi dehydrogenase succinate a me kahi fungicide maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.
Nā waiwai kino o ka fluconazole
Fluconazole Inoa Kemika: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1- methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; ʻAʻohe CAS: 907204-31-3, ʻano molekole: C18H12F5N3O. Kaumaha Molekala: 381.31 g/mol.ʻO ka Fluoxapyr (ka maʻemaʻe 99.3%) he keʻokeʻo i ka beige paʻa, ʻaʻala ʻole, wahi hoʻoheheʻe 156.8 ℃, pili kokoke (20 ℃) 1.42 g / mL, decomposes ma kahi o 230 ℃, kaomi mahu (manaʻo ʻia): 2.7×10- 9 Pa ( 20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); Kona mau o Heneri: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Solubility (20 ℃): wai 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe (ʻenehana maʻemaʻe 99.2) %) (g / L, 20 ℃): acetone> 250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0.0, tolu. oktanol 4.69±0.1 , n-heptana 0.106 ± 0.001. n-oktanol-wai hoʻokaʻawale ʻāpana (20°C): deionized wai log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), log awelika Kow (3.10±0.02). ). Paʻa i loko o ka wai wai ma ka pH 4, 5, 7, 9 ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻeleʻele a sterile. Paʻa ke kukui.
ʻO ke kino o Fluoxafen
ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa o ka waha i nā ʻiole (female) o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua o ka fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, ʻona ʻili kino i nā ʻiole (kane a me ka wahine): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, ʻawaʻawa inhalation i nā ʻiole (kane a wahine) : LC50＞5.1 mg/L; liʻiliʻi i ka huhū i nā maka rabbit a me ka ʻili o nā rapeti; ʻaʻohe ʻike i ka ʻili puaʻa guinea. ʻAʻohe carcinogenicity, ʻaʻohe teratogenicity, ʻaʻohe hopena ʻaoʻao i ka hana hou ʻana, ʻaʻohe genotoxicity, neurotoxicity a me immunotoxicity.
ʻona ʻino loa i nā manu LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, mea ʻawaʻawa nui iā Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), ʻawaʻawa nui i ka iʻa (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, mea ʻawaʻawa nui i nā mea ʻawaʻawa wai (48 h) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, mea ʻawaʻawa loa i ka limu (72 h) EC50 0.70 mg/L, mea ʻawaʻawa pili i ka pi (48 h) LD50>100 μg/bee, ʻawaʻawa waha i ka pi (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/be, ʻo ka ʻawaʻawa nui i nā ilo honua ʻo LC50>1,000 mg/kg (14 lā). Mai ka ʻikepili i luna aʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻo Fluoxafen i nā meaola wai a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hana o ka fluoxafen
ʻO ka Fluoxafenamide kahi mea hoʻopiʻi dehydrogenase succinate, e hana ana i ka succinate dehydrogenase i loko o ka mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II e kāohi i kāna hana, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka germination o nā fungal pathogen spores, ka ulu ʻana o nā paipu germ a me ka mycelium.
Nā mea hoʻomalu Fluconazole
ʻO ka Fluoxamid ka maikaʻi loa, ka laulā ākea, ka lōʻihi, ke koho, ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity systemic, a kū i ka ua. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomalu maikaʻi i nā cereals, soybeans, kulina, rapeseed, nā lāʻau huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā beets kō ma o ka foliar a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hua. , pīkī, pulupulu, lawn a me nā mea kanu kūikawā, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, e like me ka palaoa, soybeans, nā kumulāʻau huaʻai a me nā meaʻai i hanaʻia e Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Nā maʻi i hoʻokumuʻia e nā fungi cavity, botrytis cinerea, rust , pauda pulu o legumes, pulupulu blight, sunflower a me rapeseed maʻi i hoʻokumu 'ia e Alternaria, etc. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 70 mau mea kanu e 2015, manaʻo ʻo BASF e hoʻopaʻa inoa no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 100 mau mea kanu.
Loaʻa i ka Fluoxafen ka hiki ke hoʻololi, a he nui nā ʻano huahana hui. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) i ka palaoa, ka bale, triticale, rye a me nā ʻoʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ka pauka pauka, ka ʻōpala lau, ka glume blight, ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻōpala lau. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka soybean, kamato, ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a loaʻa iā ia nā hopena kūikawā i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka soybean brown spot (Septoria glycines); Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma Brazil no ka soybeans, citrus, potatoes, onions, carrots, apples, mangoes, melons, cucumbers, bele peppers, tomatoes, canola, peanuts, kidney beans, sunflowers, sorghum, corn, wheat and nā pua ( Chrysanthemum a me ka rose), a me nā mea'ē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka'ōpala soybean Asia, hoʻonui ka photosynthesis o nā mea kanu, a hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi kūʻē. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi wahi hina soybean e kū kūʻē i nā fungicides methoxyacrylate. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau hua ʻo Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki ke hoʻomalu i nā ʻano maʻi ʻano kumulāʻau refractory o nā mea kanu he nui.
ʻO ka succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides ua ulu wikiwiki i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻo ka fluoxamid ka huahana alakaʻi o kēia ʻano fungicides, mahalo i kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ākea ākea, hana ʻōnaehana, kūpono no nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kāna mau huahana hui ua hoʻonui i ka spectrum control a me ke ʻano o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia, a ua lilo i momi mālamalama i ka mākeke fungicide.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-18-2022