ʻO nā ʻano hana o ka fluconazole

ʻO Fluoxapyr kahi carboxamidefungicidehoʻomohala ʻia e BASF. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana pale a me ka therapeutic maikaʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e pale a hoʻopaʻa i nā maʻi leʻaleʻa ākea, ma kahi o 26 mau ʻano maʻi fungal. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no kahi kokoke i 100 mau mea kanu, e like me ka cereal crops, legumes, aila mea kanu, peanuts, pome a me nā kumulāʻau hua pōhaku, aʻa a me nā mea kanu tuber, nā hua ʻai a me ka pulupulu, ka lau a i ʻole nā ​​hua lāʻau. ʻO ka Fluoxafenamide kahi mea hoʻopiʻi dehydrogenase succinate a me kahi fungicide maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.
Nā waiwai kino o ka fluconazole

Fluconazole Inoa Kemika: 3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl) -1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-pyrazole)-1; ʻAʻohe CAS: 907204-31-3, ʻano molekole: C18H12F5N3O. Kaumaha Molekala: 381.31 g/mol.ʻO ka Fluoxapyr (ka maʻemaʻe 99.3%) he keʻokeʻo i ka beige paʻa, ʻaʻohe ʻala, ka helu heheʻe 156.8 ℃, pili kokoke (20 ℃) ​​1.42 g / mL, decomposes ma kahi o 230 ℃, ke kaomi mahu (manaʻo ʻia): 2.7×10- 9 Pa (20°C), 8.1 × 10°C); Kona mau o Heneri: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Solubility (20 ℃): wai 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe (ʻenehana maʻemaʻe 99.2) %) (g / L, 20 ℃): acetone> 250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.40±0.0.0. 4.69±0.1 , n-heptana 0.106 ± 0.001. n-oktanol-wai hoʻokaʻawale coefficient (20°C): deionized water log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), log average Kow (3.10±0.02) . Paʻa i loko o ka wai wai ma ka pH 4, 5, 7, 9 ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻeleʻele a sterile. Paʻa ke kukui.

ʻO ke kino o Fluoxafen

ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa o ka waha i nā ʻiole (female) o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua o ka fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, ʻawaʻawa dermal acute i nā ʻiole (kāne a wahine): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, ʻawaʻawa inhalation i nā ʻiole (kane a me ka wahine): LC50＞5. liʻiliʻi i ka huhū i nā maka rabbit a me ka ʻili o nā rapeti; ʻaʻole pili i ka ʻili puaʻa guinea. ʻAʻohe carcinogenicity, ʻaʻohe teratogenicity, ʻaʻohe hopena ʻaoʻao i ka hana hou ʻana, ʻaʻohe genotoxicity, neurotoxicity a me immunotoxicity.
ʻona ʻawaʻawa i nā manu LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, mea ʻawaʻawa nui iā Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), ʻawaʻawa nui i ka iʻa (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, ʻona ʻino i nā mea ʻawaʻawa aquatic (48 h) ) EC50 toxicity 6. EC50 0.70 mg/L, ʻona pili kino i ka nalo (48 h) LD50>100 μg/bee, ʻawaʻawa waha i ka pi (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/be, ʻo ka ʻawaʻawa nui i nā ilo honua he LC50>1,000 mg/kg (1,000 mg/kg). Mai ka ʻikepili i luna aʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻo Fluoxafen i nā meaola wai a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hana o ka fluoxafen

ʻO ka Fluoxafenamide kahi mea hoʻopiʻi dehydrogenase succinate, e hana ana i ka succinate dehydrogenase i loko o ka mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II e kāohi i kāna hana, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka germination o nā fungal pathogen spores, ka ulu ʻana o nā paipu germ a me ka mycelium.

Nā mea hoʻomalu Fluconazole

ʻO ka Fluoxamid ka maikaʻi loa, ka laulā ākea, ka lōʻihi, ke koho, ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity systemic, a kū i ka ua. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomalu maikaʻi i nā cereals, soybeans, kulina, rapeseed, nā lāʻau huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā beets kō ma o ka foliar a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hua. , pīkī, pulupulu, mauʻu a me nā mea kanu kūikawā, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, e like me ka palaoa, soybeans, nā kumu huaʻai a me nā meaʻai i hanaʻia e Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Nā maʻi i hoʻokumuʻia e nā haʻu lua, botrytis cinerea, ka'ōpala, nā maʻi legume, ka pulupulu, nā maʻi legume a me ka pulupulu. Alternaria, etc. Ua kākau inoa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 70 mau mea kanu e 2015, manaʻo ʻo BASF e hoʻopaʻa inoa no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 100 mau mea kanu.

Loaʻa i ka Fluoxafen ka hiki ke hoʻololi, a he nui nā ʻano huahana hui. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) i ka palaoa, ka bale, triticale, rye a me nā ʻoʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ka pauka pauka, ka ʻōpala lau, ka glume blight, ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻōpala lau. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka soybean, kamato, ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a loaʻa iā ia nā hopena kūikawā i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka soybean brown spot (Septoria glycines); Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma Brazil no ka soybeans, citrus, potatoes, onions, carrots, apples, mangoes, melons, cucumbers, bele peppers, tomatoes, canola, peanuts, kidney beans, sunflowers, sorghum, corn, wheat and flowers and roses, etc. ka photosynthesis o nā mea kanu, a hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi kūʻē. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi wahi hina soybean e kū kūʻē i nā fungicides methoxyacrylate. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau hua ʻo Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻano maʻi refractory seedling o nā mea kanu he nui.

ʻO ka succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides ua ulu wikiwiki i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻo fluoxamid ka huahana alakaʻi o kēia ʻano fungicides, mahalo i kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ākea ākea, hana ʻōnaehana, kūpono no nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.