Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ka pono o nā lāʻau pepehi kanaka e kūʻē i nā makika i nā manawa like ʻole o ke ao, a ma waena hoʻi o ke ao a me ka pō. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma Florida ʻo nā makika Aedes aegypti hihiu i kūʻē i ka permethrin ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka lāʻau pepehi kanaka ma waena o ke aumoe a me ka puka ʻana o ka lā. A laila ua piʻi aʻe ke kūʻē i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā makika, e piʻi ana i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā a me ka hapa mua o ka pō.
Loaʻa nā hopena o kahi noiʻi i mālama ʻia e nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Florida (UF) i nā hopena ākea nokaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻinonā loea, e ʻae ana iā lākou e hoʻohana i nā pesticides me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, mālama kālā, a hōʻemi i ko lākou hopena i ke kaiapuni. "Ua ʻike mākou ʻo nā dosis kiʻekiʻe loa opermethrinua pono e pepehi i nā makika i ka hola 6 pm a me 10 pm Hōʻike kēia mau ʻikepili e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka permethrin ke hoʻopili ʻia ma waena o ke aumoe a me ka wanaʻao (6 am) ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā (ma kahi o 6 pm)," wahi a Lt. Sierra Schloop, he mea kākau pū o ke aʻo ʻana. Ua paʻi ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma ka Journal of Medical Entomology i Pepeluali. ʻO Schloop, he luna entomology me ka UF Naval Sealift Command, he haumāna kauka ma ka entomology ma ke Kulanui o Florida me Eva Buckner, Ph.D., ka mea kākau kiʻekiʻe o ke aʻo ʻana.
Me he mea lā he manaʻo maʻamau ka manawa kūpono loa e hoʻopili ai i ka insecticide i nā makika ʻo ia ka wā e kani ai, e lele, a nahu ai, akā ʻaʻole ia ka hihia mau, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i nā hoʻokolohua me ka permethrin, kekahi o nā insecticides kaohi makika ʻelua i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia noiʻi. Nahu nui ka makika Aedes aegypti i ke ao, ma loko a ma waho, a ʻoi aku ka hana ma kahi o ʻelua hola ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka lā a me kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. Hiki i ka mālamalama hana ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho i ka pōʻeleʻele.
Loaʻa ʻo Aedes aegypti (i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka makika kuni melemele) ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica a ʻo ia ke kumu o nā maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka chikungunya, dengue, kuni melemele, a me Zika. Ua pili ia i nā maʻi ahulau o kekahi mau maʻi laha ma Florida.
Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Schluep ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo no kekahi ʻano makika ma Florida ʻaʻole paha ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo no nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kumu like ʻole, e like me ka wahi ʻāina, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hopena o ka genome sequencing o kahi makika kikoʻī mai nā Chihuahuas a me Great Danes. No laila, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia, pili wale nā mea i loaʻa i ke aʻo ʻana i ka makika kuni melemele ma Florida.
Eia nō naʻe kekahi mea e mālama ai, wahi āna. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻike o kēia noiʻi e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā heluna kanaka ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻike koʻikoʻi o ke aʻo ʻana ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kekahi mau genes e hana ana i nā enzymes e hoʻopili a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka permethrin e nā loli o ka ikaika o ka mālamalama ma luna o 24 mau hola. Ua kālele kēia haʻawina ma luna o ʻelima mau genes wale nō, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā hopena i nā genes ʻē aʻe ma waho o ke aʻo ʻana.
"Hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano hana a me ke ʻano o nā makika, he mea kūpono ia e hoʻonui i kēia manaʻo ma mua o kēia mau genes a me kēia heluna hihiu," wahi a Schluep.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hōʻike ʻana a i ʻole ka hana o kēia mau genes ma hope o ka hola 2 pm a piʻi i ka pōʻeleʻele ma waena o ka hola 6 pm a me ka hola 2 am. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Schlup ʻo nā genes he nui i komo i kēia kaʻina hana, ʻelima wale nō i aʻo ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he kumu paha kēia no ka mea ke hana nui nei kēia mau genes, hoʻonui ʻia ka detoxification. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā enzymes no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma hope o ka lohi ʻana o kā lākou hana.
"ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ke ao i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide i hoʻopili ʻia e nā enzymes detoxification ma Aedes aegypti e ʻae i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā insecticides i nā wā i kiʻekiʻe loa ai ka susceptibility a haʻahaʻa loa ka hana enzyme detoxification," wahi āna.
"Nā loli o ke ao i ka ʻike permethrin a me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka gene metabolic ma Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) ma Florida"
He mea kākau moʻolelo, mea kākau, a he kanaka ʻike kūlohelohe ʻo Ed Ricciuti nāna i kākau no ka hapalua kenekulia a ʻoi. ʻO kāna puke hou loa ʻo Backyard Bears: Big Animals, Suburban Sprawl, and the New Urban Jungle (Countryman Press, Iune 2014). Aia kona mau kapuaʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He loea ʻo ia i ke kūlohelohe, ka ʻepekema, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻokō kānāwai. He luna mālama ʻo ia ma ka New York Zoological Society a ke hana nei ʻo ia no ka Wildlife Conservation Society. ʻO ia wale nō paha ke kanaka ma ke Alanui 57 o Manhattan i nahu ʻia e kahi coati.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā makika Aedes scapularis i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō, i ka makahiki 1945 ma Florida. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou o nā hāpana makika i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka makahiki 2020 ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā makika Aedes scapularis iā lākou iho ma nā kalana ʻo Miami-Dade a me Broward ma ka ʻāina nui o Florida. [E heluhelu hou aku]
He ʻōiwi nā ʻuku poʻo-kono i ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema a loaʻa wale nō ma ʻelua mau wahi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: ʻo Dania Beach lāua ʻo Pompano Beach, Florida. Hōʻike kahi loiloi genetic hou o nā heluna ʻelua ua hoʻomaka lākou mai ka hoʻouka kaua like. [E heluhelu hou aku]
Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana e hiki i nā makika ke neʻe i nā wahi mamao loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā makani kiʻekiʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka noiʻi hou aku i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā makika e pili ana i ia mau neʻe ʻana - nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i nā hana e kāohi i ka laha ʻana o ka malaria a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia e nā makika ma ʻApelika. [E heluhelu hou aku]
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-26-2025