Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ua luku nui nā ʻuku moe i ka honua, akā i nā makahiki 1950 ua aneane pau loa lākou i ka luku ʻia me ka insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Ua pāpā ʻia kēia kemika ma hope. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻi hou mai kēia mea ʻino kūlanakauhale ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ua kūʻē i nā insecticide he nui i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi iā lākou.
Ua hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of Medical Entomology pehea i ʻike ai kahi hui noiʻi mai Virginia Tech, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka entomologist kūlanakauhale ʻo Warren Booth, i kahi hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pesticides.
ʻO kēia mau mea i loaʻa ka hopena o kahi noiʻi a Booth i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke haumāna puka ʻo Camille Block e hoʻomohala i kona mau mākau i ka noiʻi molekala.
"He huakaʻi lawaiʻa wale nō ia," wahi a Booth, he polopeka pili o ka entomology kūlanakauhale ma ke Kulanui ʻo Joseph R. lāua ʻo Mary W. Wilson no ka Mahiʻai a me nā ʻEpekema Ola.
Ua ʻike mua ʻo Booth, he loea i nā mea ʻino ma ke kūlanakauhale, e pili ana i kahi hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene i loko o nā ʻiole nerve o nā ʻiole Kelemania a me nā nalo keʻokeʻo i hāʻawi i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pesticide. Ua manaʻo ʻo Booth iā Brooke e kālailai i hoʻokahi laʻana o nā ʻuku moe mai kēlā me kēia o nā heluna like ʻole 134 i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e kahi hui kaohi pest ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ma waena o 2008 a me 2022 e hoʻoholo ai inā ua lawe lākou i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kelepona like. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua lawe ʻelua mau ʻuku moe mai ʻelua mau heluna like ʻole i ka hoʻololi ʻana.
"Ua hana ʻia kēia (ʻike) ma muli o kaʻu mau ʻāpana 24 hope loa," wahi a Block, nāna e aʻo ana i ka entomology a he lālā o ka Invasive Species Collaboration. "ʻAʻole au i hana i ka biology molecular ma mua, no laila he mea nui iaʻu ke aʻo ʻana i kēia mau mākau."
No ka mea, he like loa ke ʻano o nā heluna ʻuku moe, ma muli o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hoʻokahi hāpana mai kēlā me kēia heluna kanaka e lawa ai e hōʻike i ka hui holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hōʻoia ʻana ua ʻike maoli ʻo Brock i ka mutation, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Booth i nā hāpana āpau mai nā heluna kanaka ʻelua i ʻike ʻia.
"I ko mākou hoʻāʻo hou ʻana i kekahi mau kānaka ma nā heluna ʻelua, ua ʻike mākou ua lawe lākou a pau i kēia mutation," wahi a Booth. "No laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia lākou he mau mea lawe o kēia mau mutations, a ʻo kēia mau mutations nā mea like a mākou i loaʻa ai i nā ʻiole Kelemania."
Ma o kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻiole Kelemania, ua aʻo ʻo Booth ʻo ko lākou kūʻē ʻana i nā pesticides ma muli o nā hoʻololi gene i loko o nā pūnaewele o ko lākou ʻōnaehana nerve, a ua hilinaʻi kēia mau ʻano hana i ke kaiapuni.
"Aia kekahi gene i kapa ʻia ʻo ka gene Rdl. Ua loaʻa ia i loko o nā ʻano pest ʻē aʻe he nui a pili pū me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide dieldrin," wahi a Booth, he mea noiʻi ma ka Fralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Aia kēia mutation i loko o nā ʻiole Kelemania āpau. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻaʻole mākou i loaʻa i hoʻokahi heluna kanaka ʻaʻole i lawe i kēia mutation."
Wahi a Booth, ʻo ka fipronil a me ka dieldrin—ʻo nā insecticides ʻelua i hōʻoia ʻia he kūpono e kūʻē i nā ʻuku moe i nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua—he ʻano hana like ko lākou, no laila ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i kēia mutation ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻē i nā lāʻau ʻelua. Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Dieldrin mai ka makahiki 1990, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia ka fipronil no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻuku ma luna o nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, ʻaʻole no ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻuku moe.
Manaʻo ʻo Booth he nui nā mea nona nā holoholona e hoʻohana ana i nā kulu fipronil e mālama i kā lākou mau holoholona e ʻae i kā lākou mau pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio e hiamoe me lākou, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou wahi moe i nā koena fipronil. Inā komo nā ʻuku moe i loko o ia ʻano, hiki iā lākou ke launa pū me ka fipronil me ka manaʻo ʻole a lilo i mea maʻamau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia ʻano like ʻole i loko o ka heluna kanaka.
"ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike inā he mea hou kēia hoʻololi ʻana, inā paha i ʻike ʻia ma hope mai, i loko o ia wā, a i ʻole inā ua loaʻa mua ia i ka heluna kanaka 100 mau makahiki i hala," wahi a Booth.
ʻO ka hana aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻimi e ʻike i kēia mau loli ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻEulopa, a ma nā hōʻikeʻike hale hōʻikeʻike mai nā wā like ʻole, ʻoiai ua puni nā ʻuku moe no nā makahiki he miliona.
I Nowemapa 2024, ua lilo ʻo Booth Labs i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua mua e hoʻoponopono pono i ka genome holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻuku moe maʻamau.
"ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i hoʻokaʻina ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka genome o kēia pepeke," wahi a Booth. "I kēia manawa ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻano o ka genome, hiki iā mākou ke aʻo i kēia mau ʻano hale hōʻikeʻike."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Booth ʻo ka pilikia me ka DNA hale hōʻikeʻike, ʻo ia ka wāwahi ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka wikiwiki loa, akā i kēia manawa, loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi nā kumu hoʻohālike pae chromosome e hiki ai iā lākou ke unuhi i kēia mau ʻāpana a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou me kēia mau chromosome e hana hou i nā genes a me nā genomes.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Booth e hana pū ana kāna keʻena hoʻokolohua me nā ʻoihana kaohi pest, no laila hiki i kā lākou hana hoʻonohonoho gene ke kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka laha honua o nā ʻuku moe a me nā ala e hoʻopau ai iā lākou.
I kēia manawa ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Brock i kona mau mākau i ka biology molekala, hauʻoli ʻo ia e hoʻomau i kāna noiʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale.
"Aloha au i ka evolution. He mea hoihoi loa iaʻu," wahi a Block. "Manaʻo ka poʻe i kahi pilina maikaʻi loa me kēia mau ʻano kūlanakauhale, a manaʻo wau he mea maʻalahi ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka poʻe e hoihoi i nā ʻuku moe no ka mea ua hālāwai mua paha lākou me lākou."
He hoa noiʻi postdoctoral ʻo Lindsay Myers ma ka 'Oihana Entomology a he lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui noiʻi a Booth ma Virginia Tech.
ʻO Virginia Tech, ma ke ʻano he kulanui honua i kālā ʻia e ka lehulehu, hōʻike i kona hopena ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau i loko o ko mākou mau kaiāulu, ma Virginia, a puni ka honua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-12-2025