Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i nā makahiki 1950, ua aneane e hoʻopau ʻia nā maʻi moe moe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kalāʻau lāʻau lāʻauʻO ka dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka DDT, kahi kemika i pāpā ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻāla hou ʻia nā pests kūlanakauhale a puni ka honua, a ua hoʻomohala lākou i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻano insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi iā lākou.
ʻO kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of Medical Entomology e kikoʻī i ka ʻike ʻana o kahi hui noiʻi mai Virginia Tech, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka entomologist o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Warren Booth, i ʻike i nā hoʻololi genetic e hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide.
ʻO ka hopena o ka noiʻi Booth i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka haumāna puka puka ʻo Camilla Block e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mau mākaukau ma ka noiʻi molekala.
Ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻo Booth, ka mea loea i nā pests kūlanakauhale, i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka genetic i loko o nā pūnana nerve o nā cockroaches German a me nā nahele keʻokeʻo i kū ai lākou i nā pesticides. Ua manaʻo ʻo Booth e lawe ʻo Block i kahi laʻana o hoʻokahi pahu moe mai kēlā me kēia o 134 mau heluna moena moe ʻokoʻa i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā hui hoʻomalu pest ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma waena o 2008 a me 2022 e ʻike ai inā loaʻa iā lākou ka mutation cell like. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he ʻelua mau moena moe mai ʻelua mau heluna like ʻole i like ka mutation cell cell.
"ʻO kēia kaʻu mau laʻana 24 hope loa," wahi a Bullock, nāna i aʻo i ka entomology a he lālā o ka Invasive Species Partnership. "ʻAʻole au i hana i ka noiʻi molekala ma mua, no laila he mea koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mākau molekala āpau iaʻu."
Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ulu ʻana o ka bedbug ma muli o ka hoʻohua nui ʻana, hoʻokahi wale nō specimen mai kēlā me kēia laʻana e hōʻike maʻamau i ka heluna kanaka. Akā makemake ʻo Booth e hōʻoia ua loaʻa ʻo Bullock i ka hoʻololi ʻana, no laila ua hoʻāʻo lākou i nā laʻana āpau mai nā heluna ʻelua i ʻike ʻia.
"I ko mākou hoʻi ʻana a nānā i kekahi mau kānaka mai nā heluna ʻelua, ʻike mākou ua lawe kēlā me kēia o lākou i ka mutation," wahi a Booth. "No laila ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kā lākou mau hoʻololi ʻana, a ʻo lākou nā ʻano like ʻole i loaʻa iā mākou ma ka cockroach Kelemania."
Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā cockroaches Kelemania, ua aʻo ʻo Booth ʻo ko lākou kūʻē ʻana i nā insecticides ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka genetic i loko o nā pūnaewele o ka ʻōnaehana nerve a ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mau ʻano hana.
"Aia kahi gene i kapa ʻia ʻo Rdl gene. Ua loaʻa kēia ʻano i loko o nā ʻano pest ʻē aʻe he nui a pili pū me ke kū'ē ʻana i kahi insecticide i kapa ʻia ʻo dieldrin, "wahi a Booth, ʻo ia hoʻi e hana nei ma ka Fralin Institute of Life Science. "Aia kēia hoʻololi ʻana i nā moho Kelemania a pau. He mea kupanaha no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka heluna kanaka me ka ʻole o kēia hoʻololi."
ʻO Fipronil a me dieldrin, ʻelua insecticides i hōʻike ʻia i ka maikaʻi e kūʻē i nā moena moe i loko o ke keʻena hana, hana ma ka hana like o ka hana, no laila ua hana ʻia ka mutation i ka pest i kū i nā mea ʻelua, wahi a Booth. Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Dieldrin mai ka makahiki 1990, akā ua hoʻohana ʻia ka fipronil i kēia manawa no ka mālama ʻana i ka peʻa ma luna o nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole no nā moena moe.
Manaʻo ʻo Booth he nui nā mea mālama holoholona e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau fipronil topical e ʻae i kā lākou mau pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio e moe pū me lākou, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou wahi moe i ke koena fipronil. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā moena moe i loko o ia ʻano kaiapuni, hiki ke ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou i ka fipronil, a laila hiki ke koho ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana no ka heluna o ka moena moe.
"ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike inā he mea hou kēia hoʻololi ʻana, inā paha ia i ala mai ma hope o kēia, inā paha i ala mai i kēia manawa, a i ʻole aia paha i ka heluna kanaka he 100 makahiki i hala," wahi a Booth.
ʻO ka hana hou aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻimi a nānā i kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻEulopa, a i nā manawa like ʻole ma waena o nā mea hōʻikeʻike hale hōʻikeʻike, ʻoiai ua hoʻopuni ʻia nā moena moe no hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki.
I Nowemapa 2024, ua hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ka lab o Booth i ka genome holoʻokoʻa o ka moena moe maʻamau no ka manawa mua.
Ua ʻike ʻo Booth ʻo ka pilikia me ka DNA museum ʻo ia ka mea e wāwahi koke ai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, akā i kēia manawa ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi nā templates ma ka pae chromosome, hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kēlā mau ʻāpana a hoʻonohonoho hou iā lākou i loko o nā chromosomes, ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā genes a me ka genome.
Ua hōʻike ʻo Booth i kāna mau hoa hana me nā ʻoihana hoʻomalu pest, no laila hiki i kā lākou hana hoʻonohonoho genetic ke kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kahi e loaʻa ai nā moena moe a puni ka honua a pehea e kōkua ai e hoʻopau iā lākou.
I kēia manawa ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Bullock i kāna mau ʻike molekala, ke kakali nei ʻo ia i ka hoʻomau ʻana i kāna noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale.
"Aloha au i ka evolution. Manaʻo wau he mea hoihoi loa ia," wahi a Block. "Ke hoʻomohala nei ka poʻe i kahi pilina hohonu me kēia mau ʻano kūlanakauhale, a ke manaʻo nei au he mea maʻalahi ka hoihoi ʻana i ka poʻe i nā moena moe no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke pili pono iā ia."
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-13-2025