Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i nā makahiki 1950, ua aneane pau nā ʻuku moe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nāmea pepehi lāʻau makeʻO dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo DDT, kahi kemika i pāpā ʻia mai ia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻi hou mai nā mea ʻino o ke kūlanakauhale a puni ka honua, a ua hoʻomohala lākou i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻano insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi iā lākou.
Ua hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of Medical Entomology pehea i ʻike ai kahi hui noiʻi mai Virginia Tech, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka entomologist kūlanakauhale ʻo Warren Booth, i nā hoʻololi genetic e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pepeke pepeke.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana ka hopena o ka noiʻi a Booth i hoʻonohonoho ai no ke haumāna puka ʻo Camilla Block e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mau mākau i ka noiʻi molekala.
ʻO Booth, ka mea loea i nā mea ʻino o ke kūlanakauhale, ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻo ia i kahi hoʻololi genetic i loko o nā hunaola nerve o nā ʻiole Kelemania a me nā nalo keʻokeʻo i hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i nā pesticides. Ua manaʻo ʻo Booth e lawe ʻo Block i kahi laʻana o hoʻokahi ʻuku moe mai kēlā me kēia o 134 mau heluna ʻuku moe like ʻole i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā hui kaohi ʻino o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ma waena o 2008 a me 2022 e ʻike inā he like ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā cell. Ua hōʻike nā hopena he ʻelua mau ʻuku moe mai ʻelua mau heluna like ʻole i loaʻa ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā cell.
"ʻO kēia kaʻu mau laʻana hope loa he 24," wahi a Bullock, ka mea e aʻo ana i ka entomology a he lālā o ka Invasive Species Partnership. "ʻAʻole au i hana i ka noiʻi molekala ma mua, no laila he mea koʻikoʻi iaʻu ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mākau molekala āpau."
Ma muli o ke ʻano like o ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ʻuku moe ma muli o ka hoʻouluulu nui ʻana, hoʻokahi wale nō hāpana mai kēlā me kēia hāpana e hōʻike ana i ka heluna kanaka. Akā makemake ʻo Booth e hōʻoia ua loaʻa maoli iā Bullock ka mutation, no laila ua hoʻāʻo lākou i nā hāpana āpau mai nā heluna kanaka ʻelua i ʻike ʻia.
"I ko mākou hoʻi ʻana a nānā i kekahi mau kānaka mai nā heluna ʻelua, ua ʻike mākou ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou ka mutation," wahi a Booth. "No laila ua paʻa kā lākou mau mutations, a ʻo ia nā mutations like a mākou i loaʻa ai i ka iʻa Kelemania."
Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻiole Kelemania, ua aʻo ʻo Booth ʻo ko lākou kūʻē ʻana i nā insecticides ma muli o nā hoʻololi genetic i loko o nā pūnaewele o ka ʻōnaehana nerve a ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mau ʻano hana e ke kaiapuni.
"Aia kekahi gene i kapa ʻia ʻo ka gene Rdl. Ua loaʻa kēia gene i loko o nā ʻano pest ʻē aʻe he nui a pili pū me ke kūʻē ʻana i kahi insecticide i kapa ʻia ʻo dieldrin," wahi a Booth, nāna hoʻi e hana ana ma ka Fralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Aia kēia mutation i loko o nā cockroaches Kelemania āpau. He mea kupanaha ia ʻaʻole mākou i loaʻa i kahi heluna kanaka me ka ʻole o kēia mutation."
ʻO Fipronil lāua ʻo dieldrin, ʻelua mau lāʻau pepehi kanaka i hōʻike ʻia he pono e kūʻē i nā ʻuku moe i loko o ka lab, hana ma o ke ʻano hana like, no laila ua hoʻolilo ka mutation i ka pest i kūʻē i nā mea ʻelua, wahi a Booth. Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Dieldrin mai ka makahiki 1990, akā hoʻohana ʻia ʻo fipronil i kēia manawa no ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻuku ma luna o nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole no nā ʻuku moe.
Manaʻo ʻo Booth he nui nā mea nona nā holoholona e hoʻohana ana i nā lāʻau fipronil topical e ʻae i kā lākou mau pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio e hiamoe me lākou, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou wahi moe i nā koena fipronil. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻuku moe i loko o ia ʻano kaiapuni, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike hewa ʻia i ka fipronil, a laila hiki ke koho ʻia ka mutation no ka heluna ʻuku moe.
"ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike inā he mea hou kēia hoʻololi ʻana, inā paha ua kū mai ma hope o kēia, inā paha ua kū mai i loko o kēia wā, a i ʻole inā ua noho mua ia i loko o ka heluna kanaka 100 mau makahiki i hala," wahi a Booth.
ʻO ka hana aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻimi a me ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻEulopa, a ma nā manawa like ʻole ma waena o nā hōʻikeʻike hale hōʻikeʻike, ʻoiai ua puni nā ʻuku moe no nā makahiki he miliona.
I Nowemapa 2024, ua hoʻoponopono pono ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o Booth i ka genome holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻuku moe maʻamau no ka manawa mua.
Ua ʻike ʻo Booth ʻo ka pilikia me ka DNA hale hōʻikeʻike, ʻo ia ka wāwahi ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka wikiwiki loa, akā i kēia manawa ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi nā mamana ma ka pae chromosome, hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kēlā mau ʻāpana a hoʻonohonoho hou iā lākou i loko o nā chromosomes, e hana hou ana i nā genes a me ka genome.
Ua ʻike ʻo Booth e hui pū ana kāna lab me nā ʻoihana kaohi pest, no laila hiki i kā lākou hana hoʻonohonoho genetic ke kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kahi e loaʻa ai nā ʻuku moe a puni ka honua a pehea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana iā lākou.
I kēia manawa ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Bullock i kāna mau mākau molekala, ke kakali nei ʻo ia e hoʻomau i kāna noiʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale.
"Aloha au i ka evolution. Manaʻo wau he mea hoihoi loa ia," wahi a Block. "Ke hoʻomohala nei ka poʻe i kahi pilina hohonu me kēia mau ʻano kūlanakauhale, a manaʻo wau he mea maʻalahi ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka poʻe e hoihoi i nā ʻuku moe no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke pili pono iā ia."
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-13-2025