ʻO wainā phytohormoneshe kuleana koʻikoʻi ko kēia mau mole i ka hoʻokele maloʻo? Pehea e hoʻololi ai nā phytohormones i nā loli o ke kaiapuni? Ua wehewehe hou ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana o 10 mau papa o nā phytohormones i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia lā ma ke aupuni mea kanu. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko kēia mau mole i nā mea kanu a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai e like me nā herbicides, biostimulants, a me ka hana huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.
Hōʻike pū ka haʻawina i ka meanā phytohormoneshe mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana kaiapuni e loli nei (ka nele o ka wai, ke kahe ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke ola ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā wahi ʻino loa. ʻO Sergi Munne-Bosch ka mea kākau o ke aʻo ʻana, he polopeka ma ke Kulanui o Biology a me ka Institute of Biodiversity (IRBio) ma ke Kulanui o Barcelona a me ke poʻo o ka Integrated Research Group on Antioxidants in Agricultural Biotechnology.
"Mai ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo Fritz W. Went i ka auxin ma ke ʻano he kumu mahele cell i ka makahiki 1927, ua hoʻololi nā holomua ʻepekema i nā phytohormones i ka biology mea kanu a me ka ʻenehana mahiʻai," wahi a Munne-Bosch, polopeka o ka evolutionary biology, ecology, a me nā ʻepekema kaiapuni.
ʻOiai ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o ka hierarchy phytohormone, ʻaʻole i holomua nui ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua ma kēia wahi. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko Auxins, cytokinins, a me gibberellins i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea kanu, a e like me ka hierarchy hormone i manaʻo ʻia e nā mea kākau, ua manaʻo ʻia he mau mea hoʻoponopono mua.
Ma ka pae ʻelua,waikawa abscisic (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, a me ka waikawa jasmonic e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pane kūpono o nā mea kanu i nā kūlana kaiapuni e loli nei a he mau mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i nā pane koʻikoʻi. "He mea nui loa ka ethylene a me ka waikawa abscisic ma lalo o ke kaumaha wai. ʻO ka waikawa abscisic ke kuleana no ka pani ʻana o nā stomata (nā pores liʻiliʻi i loko o nā lau e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻololi kinoea) a me nā pane ʻē aʻe i ke kaumaha wai a me ka dehydration. Hiki i kekahi mau mea kanu ke hoʻohana pono i ka wai, ma muli o ke kuleana hoʻoponopono o ka waikawa abscisic," wahi a Munne-Bosch. ʻO nā brassinosteroids, nā hormones peptide, a me nā strigolactones ke kolu o ka pae o nā hormones, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kanu me ka maʻalahi nui e pane maikaʻi i nā kūlana like ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō piha kekahi mau mole mole no nā phytohormones i nā koi āpau a ke kali nei i ka ʻike hope loa. "ʻO Melatonin a me ka γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ʻelua mau laʻana maikaʻi. Hoʻokō ʻo Melatonin i nā koi āpau, akā aia nō ka ʻike ʻana o kāna receptor i nā pae mua (i kēia manawa, ua loaʻa wale ka receptor PMTR1 ma Arabidopsis thaliana). Eia naʻe, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i ke kaiāulu ʻepekema ke hōʻea i kahi ʻaelike a hōʻoia iā ia he phytohormone."
"No GABA, ʻaʻohe mea loaʻa i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea kanu. Hoʻoponopono ʻo GABA i nā kahawai ion, akā he mea kupanaha ʻaʻole ia he neurotransmitter i ʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka hormone holoholona i loko o nā mea kanu," wahi a ka loea.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, no ka mea ʻaʻole wale nā hui phytohormone he mea nui i ka ʻepekema i ka biology kumu akā he mea nui hoʻi i nā kahua o ka mahiʻai a me ka biotechnology mea kanu, pono e hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike i nā hui phytohormone.
"He mea koʻikoʻi ke aʻo ʻana i nā phytohormones i hoʻomaopopo pono ʻole ʻia, e like me nā strigolactones, brassinosteroids, a me nā hormones peptide. Pono mākou i nā noiʻi hou aku e pili ana i nā pilina hormone, kahi ʻāpana i hoʻomaopopo pono ʻole ʻia, a me nā molekala i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia he phytohormones, e like me ka melatonin a me ka gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," i hoʻopau ai ʻo Sergi Munne-Bosch. Puna: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-13-2025