Me ka hoʻopuka makahiki ma mua o 700,000 tons, ʻo ka glyphosate ka herbicide i hoʻohana nui ʻia a nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana i ka nāhelehele a me nā hoʻoweliweli kūpono i ke kaiapuni kaiaola a me ke olakino kanaka i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i ka glyphosate ua huki nui ʻia ka manaʻo.
Ma ka lā 29 o Mei, ua paʻi ka hui a Polofesa Guo Ruiting mai ka State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, i hoʻokumu pū ʻia e ke Kula o nā ʻEpekema Ola o ke Kulanui ʻo Hubei a me nā keʻena panalāʻau a me nā kuhina, i ka pepa noiʻi hou loa ma ka Journal of Hazardous Materials, e kālailai ana i ka loiloi mua o ka mauʻu barnyard. (He mauʻu paddy ʻino) - aldo-keto reductase AKR4C16 a me AKR4C17 e hoʻoulu ai i ke ʻano hana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka glyphosate, a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pono o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka glyphosate e AKR4C17 ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka molekala.
Ke ulu nei ke kū'ē ʻana o ka glyphosate.
Mai kona hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana i nā makahiki 1970, ua kaulana ka glyphosate ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ua lilo mālie i mea herbicide ākea-spectrum makepono loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia a huahua loa. Hoʻoulu ia i nā maʻi metabolic i nā mea kanu, me nā nāhelehele, ma ke kāohi kūikawā ʻana i ka 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), kahi enzyme koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me ka metabolism. a me ka make.
No laila, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu transgenic kū i ka glyphosate-resistant a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glyphosate ma ke kula he ala koʻikoʻi ia e kāohi ai i nā nāhelehele i ka mahiʻai o kēia au.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana a me ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka glyphosate, ua ulu mālie nā ʻumi o nā nāhelehele a ua hoʻomohala i ke ahonui kiʻekiʻe i ka glyphosate.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia i ka genetically i kū i ka glyphosate ke hoʻohaumia i ka glyphosate, e hopena ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka glyphosate i nā mea kanu, hiki ke laha maʻalahi ma o ke kaulahao meaʻai a hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino kanaka.
No laila, he mea wikiwiki ka ʻike ʻana i nā genes e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka glyphosate, i mea e mahi ai i nā mea kanu transgenic kiʻekiʻe i kū i ka glyphosate me nā koena glyphosate haʻahaʻa.
Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka hoʻonohonoho kristal a me ke ʻano hana catalytic o nā enzymes glyphosate-degrading i loaʻa mai i nā mea kanu.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua ʻike nā hui noiʻi Kina a me ʻAukekulelia i ʻelua mau glyphosate-degrading aldo-keto reductases, ʻo AKR4C16 lāua ʻo AKR4C17, no ka manawa mua mai ka mauʻu barnyard glyphosate-resistant. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana iā NADP+ ma ke ʻano he cofactor e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka glyphosate i ka aminomethylphosphonic acid nontoxic a me ka glyoxylic acid.
ʻO AKR4C16 lāua ʻo AKR4C17 nā enzymes glyphosate-degrading mua i hōʻike ʻia i hana ʻia e ka ulu kūlohelohe o nā mea kanu. I mea e ʻimi hou aku ai i ke ʻano molekala o ko lākou hōʻino ʻana o ka glyphosate, ua hoʻohana ka hui ʻo Guo Ruiting i ka crystallography X-ray e kālailai i ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau enzymes ʻelua a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cofactor. Ua hōʻike ka ʻano paʻakikī o ka hoʻonā i ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa o ka complex ternary o glyphosate, NADP+ a me AKR4C17, a ua hāpai i ka ʻano hana catalytic o AKR4C16 a me AKR4C17-mediated glyphosate degradation.
ʻAno o ka paʻakikī AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate a me ke ʻano hana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka glyphosate.
Hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka molekala i ka pono o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka glyphosate.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻekolu-dimensional maikaʻi o AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate, ua loaʻa hou i ka hui a Polofesa Guo Ruiting kahi protein mutant AKR4C17F291D me ka piʻi ʻana o 70% i ka pono o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka glyphosate ma o ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano enzyme a me ka hoʻolālā kūpono.
Ka nānā ʻana i ka hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa glyphosate o nā mutants AKR4C17.
"Hōʻike kā mākou hana i ke ʻano molekala o AKR4C16 a me AKR4C17 e hoʻoulu ai i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka glyphosate, kahi e waiho ai i kahi kumu koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o AKR4C16 a me AKR4C17 e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou pono hōʻino o ka glyphosate." Ua ʻōlelo ka mea kākau o ka pepa, ʻo Associate Professor Dai Longhai o ke Kulanui ʻo Hubei ua kūkulu lākou i kahi protein mutant AKR4C17F291D me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono hōʻino glyphosate, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi mea hana koʻikoʻi no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu transgenic kiʻekiʻe glyphosate-resistant me nā koena glyphosate haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bacteria ʻenekinia microbial e hōʻino i ka glyphosate i ke kaiapuni.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ua lōʻihi ka hana a ka hui o Guo Ruiting i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka loiloi ʻano a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā ʻano hana o nā enzyme biodegradation, nā terpenoid synthases, a me nā protein target lāʻau lapaʻau o nā mea ʻawahia a me nā mea ʻino i ke kaiapuni. ʻO Li Hao, ka mea noiʻi pili ʻo Yang Yu a me ke kumu aʻo ʻo Hu Yumei i loko o ka hui nā mea kākau mua o ka pepa, a ʻo Guo Ruiting lāua ʻo Dai Longhai nā mea kākau like.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-02-2022