一、ʻO Fusarium wilt
Nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino:
pulupulu ʻO Fusarium wilthiki ke loaʻa mai nā mea kanu a hiki i nā mākua, me ka nui o ka maʻi ma mua a ma hope o ka pua ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 5 mau ʻano:
1. ʻAno ʻAno Melemele: Huli melemele nā aʻa lau o ka meakanu maʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ka mesophyll, a ʻike ʻia kekahi a i ʻole ka hapa nui o nā lau melemele, ʻemi mālie a maloʻo;
2. ʻAno melemele: ʻO nā ʻāpana kūloko a i ʻole ka nui o nā ʻaoʻao lau e huli melemele, emi a maloʻo;
3. ʻAno ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula: ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha nā ʻāpana nui o nā lau, a ʻike ʻia nā aʻa o nā lau he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, maloʻo a maloʻo;
4. ʻAno maloʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo: Nalo koke ka wai o nā lau, ʻeleʻele iki ke kala o nā lau, palupalu a lahilahi nā lau, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a maloʻo ka mea kanu a pau, akā ʻaʻole hāʻule nā lau, piʻo nā petioles;
5. 'Ano hoemi: Ina he 5-7 mau lau oiaio, emi ka hapa nui o na lau luna o ka laau ma'i, he deformed, he uliuli ke kala, me ka pōkole internodes, pōkole ma mua o ka ola mea kanu, maʻamauʻaʻole e make, a me ka xylem o ka. ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ke aʻa a me ka ʻāpana kumu o ka mea kanu maʻi.
Ke kumu pathogenesis:
ʻO ka pulupulu wilt pathogen ka mea nui i ka hoʻoilo i nā ʻanoʻano kanu maʻi, nā koena mea kanu maʻi, ka lepo, a me ka manure. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano haumia ke kumu nui o nā wahi maʻi hou, a ʻo nā hana mahiʻai e like me ka mahiʻai ʻana, ka hoʻokele ʻana, a me ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā kīhāpai pulupulu i hoʻopilikia ʻia, he mau mea nui ia no ka lawe kokoke ʻana. Hiki ke ulu nā spores pathogenic i nā aʻa, nā ʻōpala, nā lau, nā pūpū, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu maʻi i ka wā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke laha me ka ea a me ka ua, e hoʻopilikia ai i nā mea kanu olakino a puni.
Ka loaa ana o ka pulupulu ʻO Fusarium wiltpili loa i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma kahi o 20 ℃ ka wela o ka lepo, a hiki i ka piko ke piʻi ka mahana o ka lepo i 25 ℃ -28 ℃; I ka ua a i ʻole ka makahiki ua i ke kauwela, nui ka maʻi; ʻO nā māla pulupulu me ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa, ka lepo kaumaha, ka lepo alkaline, ka wai maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu nitrogen, a me ka mahi nui ʻana.
Kāohi a me ka hoʻomalu kemika:
1. Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, e hoʻohana i ka 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram 500 manawa solution no ka disinfection lepo;
2. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, ua hoʻoulu ʻia nā aʻa me ka 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 mau manawa solution spray a i ʻole 500 mau manawa solution, a i ʻole 50% thiram 600-800 mau manawa solution, 80% mancozeb 800% mancozeb. -1000 mau manawa hoʻonā, me ka mana mana koʻikoʻi;
3. No nā māla maʻi nui, i ka manawa like, hoʻohana ʻia ka 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution a me 1% solution urea no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā lau i kēlā me kēia 5-7 mau lā no 2-3 mau manawa. ʻOi aku ka maopopo o ka hopena pale ʻana i ka maʻi.
二、pulupulu Verticillium Wilt
Nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino:
Ma mua a ma hope o ka pua ʻana ma ke kula, hoʻomaka ka maʻi, me nā ʻaoʻao o nā lau maʻi e nalowale ana ka wai a maloʻo. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana melemele maʻamau ma ka mesophyll ma waena o nā aʻa lau, e ulu mālie ana i loko o ka pama ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me nā ʻāpana ma nā aʻa lau, e like me nā ʻili wai. E ulu mālie ana ka lau waena a me lalo i ka ʻaoʻao o luna, me ka hāʻule ʻole a hāʻule hapa paha o nā lau. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka mea kanu maʻi ma mua o ka mea kanu olakino. Ma hope o ka maloʻo lōʻihi i ke kauwela a me ka ua, a i ʻole ka wai kahe, mae koke nā lau, e like me ka hū ʻia e ka wai paila, a laila hāʻule, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia he ʻano wilting acute.
Kāohi a me ka hoʻomalu kemika:
1. Ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano kūʻē i ka maʻi a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka rotation a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma ka ʻāina pulupulu ʻākau, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaoa, ke kulina, a me ka ʻōwili pulupulu hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi; ʻO nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu e like me Sujie An i ka wā o ka pua a me ka pua hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka verticillium wilt.
2. I ka wā mua, 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i kāpīpī ʻia me 600-800 mau manawa o ka wai i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 5-7 mau lā no ʻekolu mau manawa, he hopena maikaʻi ia ma ka pale i ka pulupulu verticillium wilt.
三、ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka pulupulu verticillium wilt a me fusarium wilt
1. ʻIke lohi ka verticillium a hoʻomaka wale i ka wā o ka ʻōpuʻu; Hiki i ka fusarium wilt ke hōʻeha nui i ka wā o ke kanu ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka wā pua ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi.
2. Hoʻomaka ka wilting verticillium mai nā lau haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka fusarium e hoʻomaka pinepine mai luna a lalo.
3. ʻO ka wilting verticillium ke kumu o ka melemele ʻana o ka mesophyll a me ka wilting fusarium ka melemele ʻana o nā aʻa.
4. ʻO ka wilting verticillium ka mea e liʻiliʻi ai ka liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka fusarium ka mea e liʻiliʻi ai ke ʻano mea kanu a pōkole nā internodes;
5. Ma hope o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i ke kumu, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka verticillium puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu, a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka wilt fusarium.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-14-2023