一、Ka mae ʻana o Fusarium
Nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino:
Pulupulu Ka mae ʻana o Fusariumhiki ke loaʻa mai nā mea kanu a hiki i nā mākua, me ka nui o ka hanana ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻōpuʻu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 5 mau ʻano:
1. ʻAno Melemele Reticulated: Huli nā aa lau o ka mea kanu maʻi i ka melemele, noho ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mesophyll, a ʻike ʻia kekahi a i ʻole ka hapa nui o nā lau he melemele reticulated, e emi mālie ana a maloʻo;
2. ʻAno melemele: Huli nā ʻāpana kūloko a nui paha o nā kihi lau i ka melemele, ʻemi a maloʻo;
3. ʻAno ʻulaʻula poni: ʻO nā ʻāpana kūloko a nui paha o nā lau e lilo i ʻulaʻula poni, a ʻike ʻia hoʻi nā aa o nā lau i ʻulaʻula poni, e mae ana a mae wale ana;
4. ʻAno ʻōmaʻomaʻo mae: Nalowale koke ka wai o nā lau, lilo ke kala o nā lau i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele iki, palupalu a lahilahi nā lau, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a maloʻo ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa a make, akā ʻaʻole hāʻule nā lau ma ke ʻano laulā, a kūlou nā petioles;
5. ʻAno hoʻēmi: Ke loaʻa he 5-7 mau lau maoli, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lau luna o ka mea kanu maʻi e hoʻēmi, ʻano ʻē, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele ke kala, me nā internodes pōkole, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā mea kanu olakino, ʻaʻole make ma ke ʻano maʻamau, a ʻo ka xylem o ke aʻa a me ke kumu o ka mea kanu maʻi e lilo i ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
ʻAno pathogenesis:
Hoʻoilo nui ka mea hoʻomakeʻe pulupulu i nā hua kanu maʻi, nā koena mea kanu maʻi, ka lepo, a me ka manure. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā hua i haumia ke kumu nui o nā wahi maʻi hou, a ʻo nā hana mahiʻai e like me ka mahi ʻana, ka hoʻokele ʻana, a me ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā mahina pulupulu i hoʻopilikia ʻia he mau mea nui ia no ka laha kokoke. Hiki i nā spores pathogenic ke ulu i loko o ke aʻa, nā kumu, nā lau, nā pūpū, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu maʻi i ka wā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke laha me ke kahe ʻana o ka ea a me ka ua, e hoʻopilikia ana i nā mea kanu olakino a puni.
ʻO ka nui o ka pulupulu Ka mae ʻana o FusariumPili loa ia i ka mahana a me ka makū. Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma kahi o 20 ℃ mahana o ka lepo, a hiki i ka piko ke piʻi ka mahana o ka lepo i 25 ℃ -28 ℃; I ka ua nui a i ʻole ka ua nui i ke kauwela, he maʻi koʻikoʻi ka maʻi; Ua pilikia nui nā mahina ʻai pulupulu me ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa, ka lepo kaumaha, ka lepo alkaline, ka wai hoʻokahe maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mea hoʻoulu naikokene, a me ka mahi nui ʻana.
Ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā kemika:
1. Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, e hoʻohana i ka 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram 500 times solution no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lepo;
2. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, ua hoʻoinu ʻia nā aʻa me ka 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 manawa hoʻonā i hoʻopūpī ʻia a i ʻole 500 manawa hoʻonā, a i ʻole 50% thiram 600-800 manawa hoʻonā, 80% mancozeb 800-1000 manawa hoʻonā, me ka hopena kaohi koʻikoʻi;
3. No nā mahina ʻai i maʻi nui ʻia, i ka manawa like, hoʻohana ʻia ka 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution me ka 1% urea solution no ka pīpī foliar i kēlā me kēia 5-7 lā no 2-3 mau manawa. ʻOi aku ka maopopo o ka hopena pale ʻana i ka maʻi.
二、ʻO ka pulupulu Verticillium Wili
Nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino:
Ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻōpuʻu ʻana ma ke kula, hoʻomaka ka maʻi e kū mai, me nā kihi o nā lau maʻi e nalowale ana ka wai a mae. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana melemele maʻamau ʻole ma ka mesophyll ma waena o nā aa lau, e hoʻonui mālie ana i nā ʻāpana e like me ka pāma ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā aa lau, e like me nā ʻili wai meli. Hoʻomohala mālie nā lau waena a me lalo i ka ʻaoʻao o luna, me ka hāʻule ʻole a hāʻule hapa paha o nā lau. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka mea kanu maʻi ma mua o ka mea kanu olakino. Ma hope o ka maloʻo lōʻihi i ke kauwela a me ka ua nui, a i ʻole ka hoʻoinu wai ʻana o ke kai, mae koke nā lau, e like me ka wela ʻana i ka wai e paila ana, a laila hāʻule iho, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke ʻano mae koke.
Ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā kemika:
1. Ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano pale maʻi a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma ka ʻāpana pulupulu ʻākau, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaoa, kulina, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pulupulu hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā maʻi; ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu e like me Sujie An i ka wā o ka ʻōpuʻu a me ka boll hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka hanana o ka verticillium wilted.
2. I ke kahua mua, ua pīpī ʻia he 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me 600-800 mau manawa o ka wai i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 5-7 mau lā no ʻekolu mau manawa, kahi i loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka wilt cotton verticillium.
三、ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka wilt cotton verticillium a me ka wilt fusarium
1. ʻIke lohi ʻia ka mae ʻana o Verticillium a hoʻomaka wale nō e hana i ka wā o ka ʻōpuʻu; Hiki i ka mae ʻana o Fusarium ke hōʻino nui i ka wā o ka seedling, ʻoiai ʻo ka wā o ka ʻōpuʻu ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi.
2. Hoʻomaka ka mae ʻana o Verticillium mai nā lau haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka mae ʻana o fusarium e hoʻomaka pinepine mai luna a lalo.
3. ʻO ka mae ʻana o Verticillium ke kumu o ka melemele ʻana o ka mesophyll a ʻo ka mae ʻana o fusarium ke kumu o ka melemele ʻana o nā aa.
4. ʻO ka mae ʻana o Verticillium ke kumu o ka dwarfism iki, ʻoiai ʻo ka mae ʻana o ka fusarium ke kumu o ka dwarfism o ke ʻano o ka mea kanu a me ka pōkole o nā internodes;
5. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ke kumu, he ʻeleʻele māmā ka mae ʻana o ka vascular bundle verticillium, a he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka mae ʻana o ka fusarium.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-14-2023