ʻO Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) kekahi o nā pahuhopu nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano herbicide hou, e helu ana i kahi hapa nui o ka mākeke. Ma muli o ka hana nui ʻana o kēia herbicide ma ka chlorophyll a he haʻahaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa i nā mammals, loaʻa i kēia herbicide nā ʻano o ka pono kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa a me ka palekana.
Loaʻa i nā holoholona, nā mea kanu, nā bacteria a me nā fungi nā protoporphyrinogen oxidase, ka mea e hoʻololi i ka protoporphyrinogen IX i protoporphyrin IX ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka oxygen molekala, ʻo ka protoporphyrinogen oxidase ka enzyme maʻamau hope loa i ka biosynthesis tetrapyrrole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka synthesizing ferrous heme a me chlorophyll. I nā mea kanu, ʻelua mau isoenzymes o ka protoporphyrinogen oxidase, aia i loko o mitochondria a me chloroplasts. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa protoporphyrinogen oxidase he mau herbicides pili ikaika, hiki ke hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka kaohi ʻana i ka nāhelehele ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka synthesis o nā pigments mea kanu, a he manawa pōkole ko lākou i loko o ka lepo, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻino i nā mea kanu ma hope. Loaʻa i nā ʻano hou o kēia herbicide nā ʻano o ke koho ʻana, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hōʻiliʻili i ke kaiapuni.
Nā mea hoʻopaʻa PPO o nā ʻano herbicide nui
1. Nā mea kanu lāʻau diphenyl ether
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano PPO hou
3.1ʻO ka inoa ISO saflufenacil i loaʻa i ka makahiki 2007 - BASF, ua pau ka palapala sila i ka makahiki 2021.
I ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻia ʻo benzochlor ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ua kūʻai ʻia aku i ka makahiki 2010. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Benzochlor i kēia manawa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, Kina, Nicaragua, Chile, Argentina, Brazil a me Australia. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻoihana ma Kina e hana nei i ke kaʻina hana o ke kau inoa ʻana.
3.2 Ua lanakila i ka inoa ISO tiafenacil i ka makahiki 2013 a pau ka palapala sila nui i ka makahiki 2029.
I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia ka flursulfuryl ester ma Kōlea Hema; I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Sri Lanka, e wehe ana i ka huakaʻi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka huahana ma nā mākeke o nā ʻāina ʻē. I kēia manawa, ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo flursulfuryl ester ma Australia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, Brazil a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a ua kākau inoa ikaika ʻia ma nā mākeke nui ʻē aʻe.
3.3 Ua loaʻa ka inoa ISO ʻo trifludimoxazin (trifluoxazin) i ka makahiki 2014 a pau ka palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka makahiki 2030.
Ma Mei 28, 2020, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua o ka trifluoxazine ma Australia no ka manawa mua ma ka honua, a ua holomua koke ke kaʻina hana kālepa honua o ka trifluoxazine, a ma Iulai 1 o ia makahiki hoʻokahi, ua ʻae ʻia hoʻi ka huahana hui a BASF (125.0g /L tricfluoxazine + 250.0g /L benzosulfuramide suspension) no ke kau inoa ʻana ma Australia.
3.4 ʻO ka inoa ISO cyclopyranil i loaʻa i ka makahiki 2017 - pau ka palapala sila i ka makahiki 2034.
Ua noi kekahi hui Kepanī no kahi palapala Sila Nui ʻEulopa (EP3031806) no kahi hui laulā, me ka hui cyclopyranil, a ua waiho i kahi noi PCT, ka puke pai honua No. WO2015020156A1, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻAukake 7, 2014. Ua ʻae ʻia ka palapala Sila Nui ma Kina, Australia, Brazil, Italia, Iapana, Kōlea Hema, Rusia, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo 3.5 epyrifenacil i ka inoa ISO ma 2020
ʻO ka Epyrifenacil ākea ākea, ka hopena wikiwiki, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka kulina, ka palaoa, ka bale, ka laiki, ka sorghum, ka soybean, ka pulupulu, ka beet kō, ka pīnati, ka pua nānālā, ka rapeseed, nā pua, nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani, nā mea kanu, e pale aku i nā nāhelehele lau ākea a me nā nāhelehele mauʻu, e like me ka setae, ka mauʻu bipi, ka mauʻu barnyard, ka ryegrass, ka mauʻu huelo a pēlā aku.
3.6 Ua kapa ʻia ʻo flufenoximacil (Flufenoximacil) e ISO i ka makahiki 2022
He herbicide PPO inhibitor ʻo Fluridine me ka laulā ākea o ka nāhelehele, ka wikiwiki o ka hana, kūpono i ka lā hoʻokahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me ka maʻalahi maikaʻi no nā mea kanu ma hope. Eia kekahi, he hana kiʻekiʻe loa ka fluridine, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā mea hana o nā herbicides insecticidal i ka pae gram, he mea aloha i ke kaiapuni.
I ʻApelila 2022, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka fluridine ma Cambodia, ʻo ia kāna papa inoa mua ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka huahana mua e loaʻa ana kēia mea nui e helu ʻia ma Kina ma lalo o ka inoa kālepa "Fast as the wind".
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-26-2024