Nā mea pepehi pepeke

Hoʻolauna

ʻO nā mea pepehi pepeke e pili ana i kahi ʻano mea pepehi pepeke e pepehi i nā mea ʻino, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e kāohi i nā mea ʻino mahiʻai a me nā mea ʻino olakino kūlanakauhale. E like me nā pepeke, nā nalo, nā ʻuku, nā ilo ihu, nā ʻuku, a me kahi kokoke i 10000 mau mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. He mōʻaukala lōʻihi ko nā mea pepehi pepeke o ka hoʻohana ʻana, nā nui he nui, a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana

Nui nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale no nā pesticides. I kēia lā, e aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā pesticides mai nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka toxicology.

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pesticides i:

① Mea make ʻōpū. Komo ia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe ma o ka waha o ka pepeke a he hopena ʻawahia kona, e like me Metrifonate.

② E hoʻopili i nā mea pepehi kanaka. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka epidermis a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea i hoʻopili ʻia, komo ia i loko o ke kino o nā pepeke, a i ʻole e hōʻino i ka papa wax o ke kino o nā pepeke, a i ʻole e ālai i ka valve e pepehi i nā mea ʻino, e like me pyrethrin, mineral oil emulsion, a pēlā aku.

③ Mea hoʻoheheʻe wai. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka mahu ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kinoea ʻawahia, wai a paʻa paha e hoʻomake i nā mea ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​germs, e like me Bromomethane.

④ Ka hanu ʻana i nā lāʻau pepeke. Hoʻopili ʻia e nā hua kanu, nā aʻa, nā kumu, a me nā lau a lawe ʻia i ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa, i loko o kekahi manawa, komo ka pathogen a i ʻole kāna mau metabolites i hoʻāla ʻia i loko o ke kino pepeke ma ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻiʻo mea kanu a i ʻole ka omo ʻana i ka wai o nā mea kanu, e pāʻani ana i kahi hana ʻawahia, e like me ka dimethoate.

Ma muli o nā hopena toxicological, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā insecticides i:

① Nā mea ʻawahia neuro. Hana ia ma ka ʻōnaehana nerve o nā mea ʻino, e like me DDT, parathion, carbofuran, Pyrethrin, a pēlā aku.

② Nā mea hanu. Hoʻopaʻa i nā enzyme hanu o nā mea ʻino, e like me ka waikawa cyanuric.

③ Nā mea kino. Hiki i nā mea ʻaila mineral ke ālai i ka puka o nā mea ʻino, ʻoiai hiki i ka pauka inert ke ʻānai i ka ʻili o nā mea ʻino a make lākou.

④ Nā mea pepehi pepeke kikoʻī. Ke kumu o nā hopena kino maʻamau ʻole o nā mea ʻino, e like me nā mea pale e pale aku i nā mea ʻino mai nā mea kanu, nā mea hoʻowalewale e hoʻowalewale i nā mea ʻino me ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka maunu, nā mea antifeedants e kāohi i ko lākou ʻono a ʻaʻole e hānai hou, e alakaʻi ana i ka pōloli a me ka make, nā mea sterile e hana ana i ka hana hānau makua e hoʻoulu ai i ka hānau ʻole o ke kāne a wahine paha, a me nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu pepeke e hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana, ka metamorphosis, a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea ʻino.

Dhoʻomohala ʻanaDkuhikuhi

① Hoʻoulu ka loli o ke aniau honua i nā hana a nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides. I ka hana mahiʻai, pili loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi i ka loli o ke aniau. Inā kūpono ʻole ke aniau no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi, e emi nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides.

② Ke mālama nei nā mea pepehi pepeke i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka mākeke pesticide honua, me ʻekolu mau ʻano nui o nā pesticides, ʻo ia hoʻi nā insecticides, fungicides, a me nā herbicides, ʻo ia nā mea pāʻani nui ma ka mākeke pesticide honua. I ka makahiki 2009, ua helu mau nā insecticides i 25% o ka mākeke pesticide honua, me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa Komohana e mālama nei i ka māhele mākeke nui loa, e helu ana ma kahi o 70% o ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa.

③ Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana pesticides honua, ke kū nei hoʻi i kahi moʻo o nā koi hou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻoulu i nā ʻano haumia like ʻole i ke kaiapuni a me nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. No laila, ke piʻi nei ke kiʻekiʻe o nā koi o ke kaiāulu honua no nā pesticides kūpono, haʻahaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa, haʻahaʻa ke koena, a me ka ʻole o ka haumia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻoihana pesticides.