ʻO ka Malaria ke kumu nui o ka make a me ka maʻi ma ʻApelika, me ke kaumaha nui loa i waena o nā keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ala kūpono loa e pale aku ai i ka maʻi, ʻo ia nā mea hoʻomalu vector insecticidal e kuhikuhi ana i nā makika Anopheles makua. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻana o kēia mau hana, ua laha ka pale ʻana i nā papa insecticides i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ʻApelika. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana e alakaʻi ai i kēia ʻano e hahai i ka laha ʻana o ke kūʻē a e hoʻomohala i nā mea hana hou e lanakila ai.
Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohālikelike mākou i ka haku mele microbiome o nā heluna kanaka Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles cruzi, a me Anopheles arabiensis kū'ē i ka insecticide mai Burkina Faso me nā heluna kanaka i pili i ka insecticide, mai ʻAitiopa mai hoʻi.
ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa i loko o ka haku mele microbiota ma waena o ke kūpaʻa insecticide a memea pepehi lāʻau make-nā heluna kanaka palupalu ma Burkina Faso. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia hopena e nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua o nā kolone mai ʻelua mau ʻāina Burkina Faso. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ma nā makika Anopheles arabiensis mai ʻAitiopa, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa maopopo i ka haku mele microbiota ma waena o ka poʻe i make a me ka poʻe i ola i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka insecticide. No ka noiʻi hou ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana o kēia heluna kanaka Anopheles arabiensis, ua hana mākou i ka RNA sequencing a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā genes detoxification e pili ana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide, a me nā loli i nā kahawai ion hanu, metabolic, a me synaptic.
Hōʻike kā mākou mau hopena i kekahi mau hihia hiki i ka microbiota ke kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā insecticide, me nā loli transcriptome.
ʻOiai ua wehewehe pinepine ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana he ʻāpana genetic o ka vector Anopheles, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina hou e loli ana ka microbiome i ka pane ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka insecticide, e hōʻike ana i kahi kuleana no kēia mau meaola i ke kūʻē ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina o nā vectors makika Anopheles gambiae ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Waena i nā loli koʻikoʻi i ka microbiome epidermal ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pyrethroids, a me nā loli i ka microbiome holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā organophosphates. Ma ʻApelika, ua pili ka kūʻē ʻana o ka pyrethroid me nā hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka microbiota ma Cameroon, Kenya, a me Côte d'Ivoire, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ka Anopheles gambiae i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hale hana i nā hoʻololi i kā lākou microbiota ma hope o ke koho ʻana no ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pyrethroid. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ka mālama hoʻokolohua me nā antibiotics a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā bacteria i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā makika Anopheles arabiensis i noho ʻia i ka hale hana i ka hoʻomanawanui nui ʻana i nā pyrethroids. I ka hui pū ʻana, hōʻike kēia mau ʻikepili e pili ana paha ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide i ka microbiome makika a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide no ka kaohi ʻana i nā vector maʻi.
Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka 16S sequencing e hoʻoholo ai inā ʻokoʻa ka microbiota o nā makika i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hale hana a me nā makika i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ke kula ma ʻApelika Komohana a me Hikina ma waena o ka poʻe i ola a me ka poʻe i make ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ka pyrethroid deltamethrin. Ma ke ʻano o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā microbiota mai nā wahi like ʻole o ʻApelika me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pae o ke kūʻē ʻana e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mana kūloko ma nā kaiāulu microbial. No Burkina Faso nā kolone hale hana a hānai ʻia i ʻelua mau hale hana ʻEulopa like ʻole (An. coluzzii ma Kelemania a me An. arabiensis ma United Kingdom), ua hōʻike nā makika mai Burkina Faso i nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka hui ʻano An. gambiae, a ua hōʻike nā makika mai ʻAitiopa iā An. arabiensis. Maanei, ke hōʻike nei mākou he mau pūlima microbiota like ʻole ko Anopheles arabiensis mai ʻAitiopa i nā makika ola a make, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo Anopheles arabiensis mai Burkina Faso a me ʻelua mau hale hana. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina, ʻo ia ke noiʻi hou aku i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide. Ua hana mākou i ka RNA sequencing ma nā heluna kanaka Anopheles arabiensis a ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻonui ʻia nā genes e pili ana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide, ʻoiai ua loli pinepine nā genes e pili ana i ka hanu ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o kēia ʻikepili me kahi heluna kanaka ʻelua mai ʻAitiopa i ʻike ʻia nā genes detoxification koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike hou ʻana me Anopheles arabiensis mai Burkina Faso i hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano transcriptome, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻehā mau genes detoxification koʻikoʻi i hōʻike nui ʻia ma ʻApelika.
A laila ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā makika ola a me nā makika make o kēlā me kēia ʻano mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o 16S a ua helu ʻia nā nui pili. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa i ka ʻokoʻa alpha i ʻike ʻia, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i ka waiwai o ka ʻāpana taxonomic operational (OTU); eia naʻe, ua ʻokoʻa nui ka ʻokoʻa beta ma waena o nā ʻāina, a ʻo nā huaʻōlelo launa pū no ka ʻāina a me ke kūlana ola/make (PANOVA = 0.001 a me 0.008, kēlā me kēia) i hōʻike ʻia aia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau mea. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa i ka ʻokoʻa beta i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāina, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻokoʻa like ma waena o nā hui. Ua hōʻike ka Bray-Curtis multivariate scaling plot (Kiʻi 2A) ua hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā laʻana e ka wahi, akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi. Ua uhi ʻia kekahi mau laʻana mai ke kaiāulu An. arabiensis a me hoʻokahi laʻana mai ke kaiāulu An. coluzzii me kahi laʻana mai Burkina Faso, ʻoiai hoʻokahi laʻana mai nā laʻana An. arabiensis mai Burkina Faso i uhi ʻia me ka laʻana kaiāulu An. arabiensis, kahi e hōʻike ai ua mālama ʻia ka microbiota mua ma nā hanauna he nui a ma nā ʻāina he nui. ʻAʻole i hoʻokaʻawale maopopo ʻia nā laʻana Burkina Faso e nā ʻano; Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia nele o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka wā i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ai nā kānaka ma hope mai ʻoiai ua puka mai lākou mai nā wahi larval like ʻole. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka kaʻana like ʻana i kahi niche ecological i ka wā o ka wai ke hoʻololi nui i ka haku mele ʻana o ka microbiota [50]. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hōʻike nā laʻana makika Burkina Faso a me nā kaiāulu i nā ʻokoʻa i ke ola ʻana o ka makika a i ʻole ka make ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka insecticide, ua hoʻokaʻawale maopopo ʻia nā laʻana ʻAitiopa, e hōʻike ana ua pili ka haku mele microbiota i loko o kēia mau laʻana Anopheles me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā laʻana mai kahi like, kahi e wehewehe ai i ka pilina ikaika.
He ʻano paʻakikī ke kūʻē ʻana i nā insecticides pyrethroid, a ʻoiai ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā loli i ka metabolism a me nā pahuhopu, ke hoʻomaka wale nei e ʻimi ʻia nā loli i loko o ka microbiota. Ma kēia haʻawina, hōʻike mākou he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā loli i loko o ka microbiota i kekahi mau heluna kanaka; wehewehe hou mākou i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide ma Anopheles arabiensis mai Bahir Dar a hōʻike i nā loli i nā transcripts i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ke kūʻē ʻana, a me nā loli koʻikoʻi i nā genes e pili ana i ka hanu ʻana i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma kahi noiʻi RNA-seq ma mua o nā heluna kanaka Anopheles arabiensis mai ʻAitiopa. I ka hui pū ʻana, hōʻike kēia mau hopena e hilinaʻi paha ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide i loko o kēia mau makika i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea genetic a me nā mea non-genetic, ma muli paha o ka pilina symbiotic me nā bacteria ʻōiwi e hoʻopiha i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa insecticide i nā heluna kanaka me nā pae haʻahaʻa o ke kūʻē ʻana.
Ua hoʻopili nā haʻawina hou i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hanu ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide, e kūlike me nā huaʻōlelo ontology i hoʻonui ʻia ma Bahir Dar RNAseq a me ka ʻikepili ʻAitiopa i hoʻohui ʻia i loaʻa ma aneʻi; e hōʻike hou ana i ka hopena o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hanu ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kumu a i ʻole ka hopena o kēia phenotype. Inā alakaʻi kēia mau hoʻololi i nā ʻokoʻa i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka oxygen reactive a me ka nitrogen species, e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka mākaukau vector a me ka colonization microbial ma o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka bacteria i ka ROS scavenging e nā bacteria commensal lōʻihi.
Hāʻawi ka ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi i nā hōʻike e hiki i ka microbiota ke hoʻohuli i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide i kekahi mau wahi. Ua hōʻike pū mākou e hōʻike ana nā makika An. arabiensis ma ʻAitiopa i nā hoʻololi transcriptome like e hāʻawi ana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka insecticide; akā naʻe, he liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā genes e pili ana i nā mea ma Burkina Faso. Aia kekahi mau caveats e pili ana i nā hopena i hiki mai ma ʻaneʻi a ma nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hōʻike ʻia kahi pilina kumu ma waena o ke ola ʻana o ka pyrethroid a me ka microbiota me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā haʻawina metabolomic a i ʻole ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka microbiota. Eia kekahi, pono e hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā moho koʻikoʻi i nā heluna kanaka he nui mai nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻikepili transcriptome me ka ʻikepili microbiota ma o nā haʻawina post-transplantation i kuhikuhi ʻia e hāʻawi i ka ʻike kikoʻī hou aku inā pili pololei ka microbiota i ka transcriptome makika e pili ana i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka pyrethroid. Eia naʻe, i ka hui pū ʻana, hōʻike kā mākou ʻikepili he kūloko a he transnational ke kūʻē ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka pono e hoʻāʻo i nā huahana insecticide hou ma nā wahi he nui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-24-2025