ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻikepili malāʻau lāʻau lāʻaukū'ē no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā papahana hoʻokele kūʻē ma Togo.
Ua loiloi ʻia ke kūlana maʻalahi o Anopheles gambiae (SL) i nā insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia i ke olakino lehulehu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka protocol test in vitro WHO. Ua mālama ʻia nā bioassays no ka pale ʻana i ka pyrethroid e like me nā protocol hoʻāʻo ʻo CDC. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hana enzyme detoxifying me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, a me ka ethacrine. ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka genotyping o ka mutation kdr ma Anopheles gambiae SL me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana PCR.
Ua hōʻike ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Anopheles gambiae sl i ka maʻalahi loa i ka pirimiphos-methyl ma Lomé, Kowie, Aniye a me Kpeletutu. ʻO 90% ka make ma Bayda, e hōʻike ana i ke kū'ē kū'ē i ka pirimiphos-methyl. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana iā DDT, benzodicarb a me propoxur ma nā wahi āpau. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻē i nā pyrethroids, me nā oxidases, esterases a me glutathione-s-transferases ʻo ia nā enzyme detoxifying kuleana no ke kū'ē ʻana, e like me nā hoʻokolohua synergistic. ʻO nā ʻano mea nui i ʻike ʻia ʻo Anopheles gambiae (ss) a me Anopheles cruzi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā alapine kiʻekiʻe o kdr L1014F a me nā alapine haʻahaʻa o kdr L1014S alleles ma nā wahi āpau.
Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i ka pono o nā mea hana hou e hoʻoikaika ai i nā hana hoʻomalu maʻi malaria (IRS a me LLIN).
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides he mea koʻikoʻi ia o nā papahana hoʻokele malaria vector ma ʻApelika [1]. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka puka ʻana o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā papa nui o nā insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka bednet a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o ka hale (IRS) pono mākou e noʻonoʻo hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau huahana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke kūpaʻa vector [2]. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka puka ʻana o ka lāʻau kūʻē i nā ʻāina like ʻole ma West Africa me Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] a me Togo [6, 7]. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā synergists a me nā hui pū ʻana o nā insecticides e hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi o nā maʻi malaria i nā wahi me ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i nā pyrethroids [8, 9]. No ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomau o nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hoʻokele kūʻē i kekahi kulekele mana vector [2]. Pono nā ʻāina āpau e kākoʻo i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana hoʻokele kūʻē ma o ka ʻike kūʻē ʻana [10]. Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO) ʻōlelo paipai [10], pili ka hoʻokele kūʻē i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi ala ʻekolu-anuʻu me (1) ka loiloi ʻana i ke kūlana hoʻomaʻamaʻa insecticide o nā vectors, (2) ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ke kū'ē ʻana, a (3) ka loiloi ʻana i nā mīkini physiological, me ka nānā pono i ka pono o ka synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Ma Togo, hana ʻia ka hana mua, ka loiloi ʻana i ke kūlana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi malaria, i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki ma nā wahi sentinel o ka National Malaria Control Program (NMCP). ʻAʻole i aʻo nui ʻia ka ikaika kūʻē a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻanuʻu hope ʻelua (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), a me ethacrynic acid (EA)).
ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a hāʻawi iā NMCP me ka ʻikepili hilinaʻi e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻokele kūʻē ma Togo.
Ua mālama ʻia kēia haʻawina mai Iune a Kepakemapa 2021 ma nā kahua kiaʻi NMCP i koho ʻia ma ʻekolu mau moku olakino ma ka hema o Togo (Figure 1). Ua koho ʻia ʻelima mau wahi mākaʻikaʻi NMCP no ka nānā ʻana ma muli o ko lākou ʻāina (nā ʻāpana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻokoʻa) a me nā hiʻohiʻona kaiapuni (ka nui o nā vectors, nā kahua hoʻohua larval mau loa): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère a me Kpeletoutou (Table 1).
Hōʻike kēia haʻawina ʻo ka lehulehu o nā makika Anopheles gambiae ma ka hema o Togo ke kūpaʻa i kekahi mau lāʻau insecticides olakino lehulehu, koe wale ka pirimiphos-methyl. Ua ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pale ʻana o ka pyrethroid ma ke kahua aʻo, pili paha me nā enzyme detoxifying (oxidases, esterases a me glutathione-s-transferases). Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o kdr L1014F ma nā ʻano kaikuahine ʻelua ʻo Anopheles gambiae ss a me Anopheles kruzi me nā alapine allele hoʻololi akā kiʻekiʻe (> 0.50), ʻoiai ʻo ka kdr L1014S ka hoʻololi ʻana i haʻahaʻa loa a loaʻa i nā makika Anopheles cruzi wale nō. ʻO ka synergists PBO a me EA i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka maʻalahi i nā pyrethroids a me nā organochlorines, i kēlā me kēia, ma nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai ʻo DEF i hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi i nā carbamates a me nā organophosphates ma nā wahi āpau koe wale nō ʻo Anye. Hiki i kēia mau ʻikepili ke kōkua i ka Togolese National Malaria Control Program e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele vector ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-23-2024