ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina, ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma luna omea pepehi lāʻau makeke kū'ē no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā papahana hoʻokele kū'ē ma Togo.
Ua loiloi ʻia ke kūlana palupalu o Anopheles gambiae (SL) i nā insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia i ke olakino lehulehu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka protocol hoʻāʻo WHO in vitro. Ua hana ʻia nā bioassays no ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pyrethroid e like me nā protocol hoʻāʻo ʻōmole CDC. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hana enzyme detoxifying me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, a me ethacrine. Ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano kikoʻī a me ka genotyping o ka mutation kdr ma Anopheles gambiae SL me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana PCR.
Ua hōʻike nā heluna kanaka kūloko o Anopheles gambiae sl i ka maʻalahi piha i ka pirimiphos-methyl ma Lomé, Kowie, Aniye a me Kpeletutu. ʻO 90% ka make ma Bayda, e hōʻike ana i ke kū'ē ʻana paha i ka pirimiphos-methyl. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kū'ē ʻana i ka DDT, benzodicarb a me ka propoxur ma nā wahi āpau. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā pyrethroids, me nā oxidases, esterases a me glutathione-s-transferases ʻo ia nā enzymes detoxifying kuleana no ke kū'ē ʻana, e like me nā hoʻokolohua synergistic. ʻO nā ʻano nui i ʻike ʻia ʻo Anopheles gambiae (ss) a me Anopheles cruzi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā alapine kiʻekiʻe o kdr L1014F a me nā alapine haʻahaʻa o kdr L1014S alleles ma nā wahi āpau.
Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i ka pono o nā mea hana hou aʻe e hoʻoikaika i nā hana kaohi malaria e pili ana i nā insecticide (IRS a me LLIN).
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o nā papahana kaohi malaria vector ma ʻApelika [1]. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka puka ʻana mai o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā papa nui o nā insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻupena moe a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā koena o loko (IRS) e koi ana iā mākou e noʻonoʻo hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau huahana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke kūʻē vector [2]. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka puka ʻana mai o ke kūʻē lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā ʻāina like ʻole ma ʻApelika Komohana e like me Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] a ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo Togo [6, 7]. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou e hoʻonui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā synergists a me nā hui pū ʻana o nā insecticides i ka hiki ʻole o nā vectors malaria ma nā wahi me ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i nā pyrethroids [8, 9]. No ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā hoʻolālā kaohi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻokele kūʻē i loko o kekahi kulekele kaohi vector [2]. Pono kekahi ʻāina e kākoʻo i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana hoʻokele kūʻē ma o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūʻē [10]. Wahi a nā ʻōlelo paipai a ka World Health Organization (WHO) [10], pili ka hoʻokele kūʻē i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi ala ʻekolu-ʻanuʻu e pili ana i (1) ka loiloi ʻana i ke kūlana o ka hiki ʻole i ka insecticide o nā vectors, (2) ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ke kūʻē, a me (3) ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻano hana physiological, me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka pono o ka synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Ma Togo, ʻo ka hana mua, ka loiloi ʻana i ke kūlana hiki ʻole i ka insecticide o nā vectors malaria, e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki ma nā wahi kiaʻi o ka National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). ʻAʻole i aʻo nui ʻia ka ikaika o ke kūʻē a me ka pono o nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua hope loa (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), a me ka ethacrynic acid (EA)).
ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina, ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu a hāʻawi iā NMCP i ka ʻikepili hilinaʻi e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻokele kūʻē ma Togo.
Ua mālama ʻia kēia haʻawina mai Iune a Kepakemapa 2021 ma nā wahi kiaʻi NMCP i koho ʻia ma nā ʻāpana olakino ʻekolu ma ka hema o Togo (Kiʻi 1). Ua koho ʻia ʻelima mau wahi nānā NMCP no ka nānā ʻana ma muli o ko lākou ʻano honua (nā wahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻole) a me nā ʻano o ke kaiapuni (ka nui o nā vectors, nā wahi hānau larval mau loa): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère a me Kpeletoutou (Papa 1).
Hōʻike kēia haʻawina he kūpaʻa nā heluna makika Anopheles gambiae kūloko ma ka hema o Togo i kekahi mau lāʻau pepehi kanaka olakino lehulehu nui, koe wale nō ka pirimiphos-methyl. Ua ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pyrethroid ma kahi o ke aʻo ʻana, pili paha me nā enzyme detoxifying (oxidases, esterases a me glutathione-s-transferases). Ua ʻike ʻia ka mutation kdr L1014F i nā ʻano kaikuahine ʻelua ʻo Anopheles gambiae ss a me Anopheles kruzi me nā alapine allele loli akā kiʻekiʻe (>0.50), ʻoiai ʻo ka mutation kdr L1014S i hana ʻia ma kahi alapine haʻahaʻa loa a loaʻa wale nō i nā makika Anopheles cruzi. Ua hoʻihoʻi hapa nā synergists PBO a me EA i ka maʻalahi i nā pyrethroids a me nā organochlorines, ma nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai ʻo DEF i hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi i nā carbamates a me nā organophosphates ma nā wahi āpau koe wale nō ʻo Anye. Hiki i kēia ʻikepili ke kōkua i ka Togolese National Malaria Control Program e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā kaohi vector ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-23-2024