Ua loiloi mākou i nā lāʻau fungicide no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ma William H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center ma Purdue University ma West Lafayette, Indiana.Ua alakaʻi mākou i nā hoʻāʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo creeping bentgrass 'Crenshaw' a me 'Pennlinks'.
Kiʻi 1: ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka fungicide ʻo Crenshaw bentgrass.Ua waiho ʻia nā noi hope ma ʻAukake 30 no Maxtima a me Traction a me ʻAukake 23 no Xzemplar.Hōʻike nā pua i nā manawa noi o 14 mau lā (Xzemlar) a me 21 mau lā (Maxtima a Traction) no kēlā me kēia fungicide.
Mai ʻApelila 1 a i Kepakemapa 29, 2023, e ʻoki mākou i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻelua i ʻelima manawa o ka pule ma 0.135 iniha.Ua hoʻohana mākou i 4 fl.ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻo Excalibur (Aqua-Aid Solutions) ma nā greens ʻelua ma Iune 9 a me 28. oz / 1000 sq. ft. kumu kūʻai ma Iulai 20 he 2.7 fl oz.oz/1000 sq. ft. e kaupalena i nā wahi maloʻo kūloko.
A laila hoʻohana mākou i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe Fleet (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ʻAukake 16 e kaupalena i nā wahi maloʻo kūloko.
Ua hoʻohana mākou i 9 Tempo SC fluids (cyfluthrin, Envu).oz/acre a me Meridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) 12 fl oz.Iune 9 oz/eka no ka hoomalu ant.Hoʻohana mākou i ka 0.5 lb o ka mea hoʻomomona nitrogen ma Iune 10 a me Kepakemapa 2 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanona Lawn).N/1000 kapuai kuea
ʻO kā mākou mau ʻāpana hoʻokolohua he 5 x 5 kapuaʻi ka nui a ua hoʻolālā ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā poloka piha i koho ʻia me ʻehā mau hana hou.E hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe mana CO2 ma 50 psi a me ʻekolu mau nozzles palahalaha ʻo TeeJet 8008 ma ka like me 2 galani/1000 kapuaʻi kūhāhā o ka wai.
Ma nā haʻawina ʻelua (Hoʻāʻo 1 a me ka Hoʻokolohua 2), hoʻomaka mākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau ma Mei 17, me ka manawa o ka hoʻokele hope e ʻokoʻa ana ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau (Table 1).Ma ka lā 1 o Iulai, ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi mea hoʻolaha lima no ka puʻunaue like ʻana i ka palaoa rai i hoʻopiha ʻia i ke kālā ma ka pākēneka o 12.5 cc i kēlā me kēia moena.A laila waiho mākou i ka palaoa rai ma ka ʻili o ka lau nahele no ʻehā lā ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana.
Ua loiloi mākou i ka paʻakikī o nā kiko kālā ma muli o ka nui o nā kikowaena maʻi ma kahi pūnaewele.Ua helu ʻia ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ka maʻi progression curve (AUDPC) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano trapezoidal me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 − ti], kahi i = 1,2,3, … n -1, kahi yi – helu, ti – manawa o ka helu i-th.Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana (P=0.05) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo LSD pale a Fisher.
Ua ʻike mua mākou i nā ʻokoʻa o ka mana ʻokoʻa kālā ma waena o nā kahua lapaʻau ma Mei 31st.Ma ka lā 13 o Iune, ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koʻikoʻi o ke kālā ma nā lapaʻau papahana ma mua o nā lapaʻau ʻē aʻe (Figure 1).ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka papahana $20 Iulai 20 ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.
Ma ʻAukake 2, ua mālama ʻia nā wahi me 1.3 fl o Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm).oz/1000 sq. ft. – Ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā lā he 21 i nā kālā US ma mua o nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻia me Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz.oz/1000 sq. kapuai ma luna o ka manawa like.Ma Kepakemapa 16 a me 28, ʻelua a me ʻehā pule ma hope o ka noi hope ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai i mālama ʻia me Traction ma mua o Maxtima a ua haʻahaʻa loa nā waiwai AUDPC ma mua o ka mana.
Ua ʻike mua mākou i ka helu kālā ma Iulai 7th.Ma ka lā 7 o Iulai, ua emi iho ka maʻi maʻi o nā wahi i mālama ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi.ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa lapaʻau i loko o ka hoʻokolohua.ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā waiwai AUDPC ma nā ʻāpana mālama ʻia ma mua o nā mea i mālama ʻole ʻia (Table 1).
Ua loiloi ʻo Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center o ke Kulanui ʻo Purdue i ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau fungicide ma luna o ka mauu kolo kolo kū ʻole.
Mai ʻApelila 1 a ʻOkakopa 1, ʻoki ʻekolu manawa i ka pule i ke kiʻekiʻe o 0.5 iniha.Ua hoʻolauna mākou iā Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) ma Iune 30 ma 0.37 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft.Ma Iulai 20, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Excalibur ma kahi ʻano o 2.7 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft. e kaupalena i nā wahi maloʻo kūloko.
Ua hoʻohana mākou i Fleet moisturizing agent (Harrell's) ma ʻAukake 16th ma kahi 3 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft. e kaupalena i nā wahi maloʻo kūloko.A laila hoʻohana mākou i 0.75 lbs o ka nitrogen ma Mei 24 me Shaw (24-0-22).N/1000 sq. ft. Sep 13, 1.0 lbs.N/1000 kapuai kuea
ʻO 5 x 5 kapuaʻi ka nui o nā ʻāpana a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o nā poloka piha i koho ʻia me ʻehā mau paʻi.E hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika CO2 ma 45 psi a me ʻekolu mau nozzles palahalaha ʻo TeeJet 8008 ma ka like me 1 galani/1000 kapuaʻi kūhāhā o ka wai.
Ua noi mākou i ka noi fungicide mua ma Mei 19th a me ka hope ma ʻAukake 18th.ʻO ka palaoa Rye i loaʻa i ka pathogen spot dollar ua hoʻohana like ʻia e ka mea hoʻolaha lima ma Iune 27 a me Iulai 1 ma ka helu o 11 cm3 a me 12 cm3 no kēlā me kēia pā.A laila waiho mākou i ka palaoa rai ma ka ʻili o ka lau nahele no ʻehā lā ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi i kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua i loko o ke aʻo ʻana.ʻIke ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ka pākēneka o nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia ma kēlā me kēia kahua.Ua helu ʻia ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻi (AUDPC) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano trapezoidal i hōʻike ʻia ma luna.Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana (P=0.05) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo LSD pale a Fisher.
Ua ʻike mua mākou i nā kiko kālā (<0.3% ke kaumaha, 0.2 mau ʻeha ma kēlā me kēia kahua) ma Iune 1, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou helu ma hope o ka inoculation.Ma Iulai 20, ua mālama ʻia nā wahi me Encartis (boscalid a me chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl.oz/1000 sq ft – 14 lā a me 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – 28 lā, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia a me nā mana i mālama ʻole ʻia.
Mai ka lā 20 o Iulai a i ka lā 15 o Kepakemapa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpala i mālama ʻia ma mua o nā ʻāpana hoʻomalu i mālama ʻole ʻia.Nā wahi i mālama ʻia me Encartis (3 fl oz / 1000 sq ft - 14 lā), Encartis (3.5 fl oz / 1000 sq ft - 21 lā) Kepakemapa 2, ʻelua pule ma hope o ka noi hope (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl.auneke / 1000 sq. ft. - 21 lā, Xzemlar (0.26 oz / 1000 sq. ft. - 21 lā) a me ka papahana i mālama ʻia nā wahi i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi loa o ke kālā.
Ma ʻAukake 3 a me ʻAukake 16, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o nā kumukūʻai Encartis a me nā lā palena no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kālā US.Eia naʻe, ma ka lā 2 a me 15 o Kepakemapa (WFFA 2 a me 4), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele me Encartis (3 fl oz / 1000 sq ft - 14 mau lā) a me Encartis (3.5 fl oz / 1000 sq ft)...- 21 mau lā) he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa USD ma mua o Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft - 28 lā).
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka hoʻokele a me ka manawa mālama o Xzemplar a me Maxtima i ka paʻakikī o nā wahi kālā i ka wā aʻo.ʻAʻole i hoʻemi ʻia ka helu kālā no nā uku noi kiʻekiʻe o Daconil Action (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft) i hui pū ʻia me Secure Action.Ma ka lā 2 o Kepakemapa, ua mālama ʻo Xzemplar's Dollar Point maʻi maʻi kikowaena i nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o Maxtima.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā waiwai AUDPC o nā pūnaewele mālama ʻia ma mua o nā pae mana i mālama ʻole ʻia.Ua emi mau ke koʻikoʻi o ke kālā ma nā ʻāpana o kēia papahana i loko o ke aʻo ʻana, me ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa AUDPC o nā lapaʻau āpau.
ʻO nā pūnaewele i mālama ʻia me Daconil Ultrex wale nō ka nui o nā waiwai AUDPC ma mua o nā pūnaewele i mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau āpau koe wale nō nā mea i mālama ʻia me 0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta).oz / 1000 sq. ft. - 21 mau lā) Daconil Action (2 fl oz / 1000 sq ft) a me ka hana palekana (azibendazole-S-methyl a me fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft. - 21 lā ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka phytotoxicity i loko o ke aʻo ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-16-2024