Hāʻawi nā mea ola mai nā bea ʻeleʻele a i nā cuckoos i nā hopena kūlohelohe a aloha i ke kaiapuni e kāohi ai i nā pepeke makemake ʻole ʻia.
Ma mua loa o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kemika a me nā pīpī, nā ipukukui citronella a me DEET, ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i nā mea ʻaihue no nā mea hoʻonāukiuki loa o ke kanaka. ʻAi nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā nalo nahu, nā rana i nā makika, a me nā moni i nā nalo.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā rana a me nā toads ke ʻai i nā makika he nui a ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i ka makahiki 2022 i ka piʻi ʻana o nā hihia malaria kanaka ma nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Waena ma muli o nā maʻi amphibian. Hōʻike nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe hiki i kekahi mau ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke ʻai a hiki i hoʻokahi tausani makika i kēlā me kēia hola. (E ʻike i ke kumu he mau superhero maoli nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa o ke kūlohelohe.)
"Ua kāohi maikaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻano e nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe," wahi a Douglas Tallamy, ke Polopeka Mahiʻai ʻo TA Baker ma ke Kulanui o Delaware.
ʻOiai ke loaʻa nei ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau ʻano kaohi pest kaulana, nui nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou mau lā a me nā pō e ʻimi ana a e ʻai ana i nā pepeke kauwela, i kekahi mau hihia e hoʻomohala ana i nā mākau kūikawā e ʻai ai i kā lākou mea pio. Eia kekahi o nā mea ʻakaʻaka loa.
Makemake paha ʻo Winnie the Pooh i ka meli, akā i ka wā e ʻeli ai ka bea maoli i kahi pūnana pi, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻimi nei i ke kō ʻono a pipili, akā i nā ʻenuhe keʻokeʻo palupalu.
ʻOiai ʻai nā bea ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika manawa kūpono i nā mea āpau mai nā ʻōpala kanaka a hiki i nā mahinaʻai pua nānālā a me nā ʻīlio ʻeleʻele i kekahi manawa, i kekahi manawa loea lākou i nā pepeke, me nā ʻano nalo nalo e like me nā ʻaʻahu melemele.
“Ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā ʻenuhe,” wahi a David Garshelis, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka hui loea bea o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Ua ʻike au iā lākou e ʻeli ana i nā pūnana a laila e nahu ʻia, e like me mākou,” a laila hoʻomau i ka hānai ʻana. (E aʻo pehea e hoʻōla nei nā bea ʻeleʻele ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.)
Ma kekahi mau wahi o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻoiai e kali ana nā bea ʻeleʻele i ka pala ʻana o nā hua, mālama nā mea ʻai āpau i ko lākou kaumaha a loaʻa pū kekahi i ko lākou momona āpau ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu waiwai i ka protein e like me nā ʻanuʻu melemele.
ʻO kekahi mau makika, e like me Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, i loaʻa ma ka hikina hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, loaʻa iā lākou ke ola ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā makika ʻē aʻe. Noho nā ʻūlū T. septentrionalis i loko o ka wai kū, e like me nā lua lāʻau, a ʻai i nā ʻūlū makika liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻano e hoʻouna i nā maʻi kanaka. Ma ka hale hana hoʻokolohua, hiki i hoʻokahi ʻūlū makika T. septentrionalis ke pepehi i 20 a 50 mau ʻūlū makika ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, e like me kahi pepa o 2022, ʻo kēia mau ʻenuhe he mau mea pepehi keu e pepehi ana i kā lākou mau mea i hōʻeha ʻia akā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai iā lākou.
"Inā hana maoli ʻia ka pepehi kanaka i hoʻokau ʻia, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pono o Toxoplasma gondii i ka kaohi ʻana i nā makika omo koko," kākau nā mea kākau.
No nā manu he nui, ʻaʻohe mea ʻono ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā tausani o nā anuhe, ke ʻole kēlā mau anuhe i uhi ʻia i nā lauoho ʻeha e hoʻonāukiuki i kou ʻōpū. Akā, ʻaʻole ka cuckoo ʻuala melemele ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
Hiki i kēia manu nui me ka nuku melemele ʻālohilohi ke ale i nā anuhe, e hoʻokahe pinepine ana i ka uhi o kona esophagus a me ka ʻōpū (e hana ana i nā ʻōpū e like me ka lepo o ka pueo) a laila hoʻomaka hou. (E nānā i ka lilo ʻana o ke anuhe i pulelehua.)
ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻano e like me nā anuhe halelewa a me nā ilo pūnaewele o ka hāʻule he ʻōiwi ia no ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, piʻi pinepine ko lākou heluna kanaka, e hana ana i kahi ʻahaʻaina kupaianaha no ka cuckoo ʻuala melemele, me kekahi mau noiʻi e hōʻike ana hiki iā lākou ke ʻai a hiki i nā haneli o nā anuhe i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
ʻAʻole pilikia loa kekahi ʻano anuhe i nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā kānaka, akā hāʻawi lākou i ka meaʻai waiwai nui no nā manu, a laila ʻai lākou i nā pepeke ʻē aʻe he nui.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi salamander ʻulaʻula hikina e holo ana ma ke ala ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hāwanawana "mahalo."
ʻAi kēia mau salamander ola lōʻihi, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e ola ana a hiki i 12-15 mau makahiki, i nā makika lawe maʻi ma nā pae āpau o ko lākou ola, mai nā larvae a i nā larvae a me nā mākua.
ʻAʻole hiki iā JJ Apodaca, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, ke ʻōlelo pololei i ka nui o nā ʻenuhe namu a ka salamander hikina e ʻai ai i ka lā, akā he nui ko kēia mau mea ola e ʻai ai a ua lawa ko lākou nui e "hoʻopilikia" i ka heluna namu.
He nani paha ka tanager kauwela me kona kino ʻulaʻula hanohano, akā, ʻaʻole paha kēia e hōʻoluʻolu iki i ka nalo meli, ka mea a ka tanager e hoʻolei ai i ka lewa, e lawe hou ana i ka lāʻau a hahau a make ma luna o ka lālā.
Noho nā tanager kauwela ma ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a neʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ʻAmelika Hema, kahi a lākou e ʻai nui ai i nā pepeke. Akā, ʻaʻole e like me ka hapa nui o nā manu ʻē aʻe, loea nā manu nūnū kauwela i ka hahai ʻana i nā pi a me nā nalo.
I mea e pale aku ai i ke kui ʻia, hopu lākou i nā nalo e like me ka nalo mai ka lewa a, i ka wā e make ai, holoi i nā nalo ma nā lālā lāʻau ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, e like me ka Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tallamy, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hana kūlohelohe o ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino, "ke hoʻopau nei ke ʻano hana kaumaha o ke kanaka i kēlā ʻano like ʻole."
I nā manawa he nui, hiki i nā hopena o ke kanaka e like me ka nalowale o nā wahi noho, ka loli o ke aniau a me ka haumia ke hōʻeha i nā mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe e like me nā manu a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe.
"ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke noho ma kēia honua ma ka pepehi ʻana i nā pepeke," wahi a Tallamy. "ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho aliʻi ana i ka honua. No laila hiki iā mākou ke kālele i ke ʻano o ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea maʻamau ʻole."
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-24-2024