Ua loiloi kēia haʻawina i nā hopena lōʻihi o ʻekolu ABWmea pepehi lāʻau makenā papahana ma ka kaohi bluegrass makahiki a me ka maikaʻi o ka turfgrass fairway, ʻelua wale nō a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻano like ʻolepaclobutrazolnā papahana a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka bentgrass kolo. Ua kuhi mākou e hōʻemi ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā insecticides pae paepae e kaohi i ka ABW i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa i ka uhi bluegrass makahiki ma nā alahele bentgrass kolo a ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka paclobutrazol i kēlā me kēia mahina e hoʻoikaika hou aku i ka kaohi.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua mālama ʻia ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua kula a ua hana hou ʻia. ʻO ka Hoʻokolohua 1 he hoʻokolohua kula ʻelua makahiki i mālama ʻia mai 2017 a 2019 ma ʻelua mau wahi me ka mōʻaukala o ABW. Ua nānā kēia haʻawina i ʻekolu mau papahana insecticide, ka mālama ʻana i ka creeping bentgrass, a me nā hoʻopili mahina o ka paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) ma 0.25 lb mea hana no kēlā me kēia ʻeka (16 fl oz huahana no kēlā me kēia ʻeka; 280 g ai no kēlā me kēia hectare) mai ka hua bluegrass makahiki. . E kuʻi ma mua o ʻOkakopa no ka kaohi bluegrass makahiki.
Ua mālama ʻia ka noiʻi ma 2017 a me 2018 ma kahi kahua kolepa hoʻohālike ma Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) me ka uhi bluegrass makahiki i manaʻo ʻia he 85% i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua. Ua hana hou ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma 2018 a me 2019 ma nā kahua kolepa ma Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), kahi i loiloi ʻia ai ka uhi ʻike maka ma 15% creeping bentgrass a me 10% perennial black wheat (Lolium perenne L.). I ka hoʻokolohua, 75% ʻo Poa annua.
ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻo ia ke kanu ʻana i ka bentgrass kolo 007 ma ka nui o 1 paona o nā hua ola maʻemaʻe no 1,000 kapuaʻi kuea (50 kilokani no ka hectare) hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka papahana paepae pesticide (e ʻike i nā kikoʻī o ka papahana pesticide ma lalo). Ua hana hou ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻehā mau manawa a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he 2 × 3 × 2 factorial i loko o kahi poloka piha randomized me nā ʻāpana i māhele ʻia. Ke kanu ʻana ma ke ʻano he lakio piha o ka wahi, ka papahana insecticide ma ke ʻano he subplot, paclobutrazol ma ke ʻano he subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia papahana pale e pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka bluegrass e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wā. Aia ia i ka insecticide systemic cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) i hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi mahele o 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) i ka wā pua hope o ka dogwood (Cornus florida L.) e kāohi i ka larvae ABW hanauna puna mua ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka indoxacarb (Provaunt). ua hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi o 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) i ka wā i pua ai ka hybrid Catawbiense Michx e kāohi i kekahi larvae hanauna puna ola, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) e kāohi i ka larvae hanauna mua i ke kauwela.
Hoʻōki nā papahana paepae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides e kāohi i ka ABW a hiki i ka pae ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka mauʻu ma nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia i kahi paepae hōʻino o
No ka hoʻoholo pono ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana o nā ʻano mauʻu turf, ua kau ʻia ʻelua mau ʻāpana huinaha he 36 x 36 ʻīniha (91 x 91 cm) me 100 mau wahi hui like i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. E ʻike i nā ʻano i loaʻa ma kēlā me kēia hui ma waena o Iune a me ʻOkakopa. Ua loiloi maka ʻia ka uhi bluegrass makahiki i kēlā me kēia mahina i ka wā ulu makahiki ma kahi pālākiō mai 0% (ʻaʻohe uhi) a i 100% (uhi piha). Ua loiloi maka ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka mauʻu lawn ma kahi pālākiō mai 1 a 9, me 6 i manaʻo ʻia he ʻae ʻia. No ka loiloi ʻana i ka pono o ka papahana insecticide ABW, ua loiloi ʻia ka nui o nā larval me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻakai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mākua hou e puka mai.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻikepili āpau i ka loiloi o ka variance me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana GLIMMIX ma SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) me ka hana hou ʻana o nā hopena random. Ua loiloi ʻia ka hoʻokolohua mua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā split-plot, a ua loiloi ʻia ka lua o ka hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā randomized 2 × 4 factorial split-plot. I ka wā e pono ai, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo Fisher's Protected LSD e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano (p = 0.05). Ua loiloi ʻokoʻa ʻia nā kahua no ka mea ua hana ʻia nā pilina me nā kahua ma nā lā like ʻole a ua ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ke kahua.
Hiki i ka ABW ke hōʻemi koho i ka uhi bluegrass makahiki i loko o ka bentgrass kolo, akā inā ʻae ʻia ka pōʻino nui i ka bluegrass makahiki. I loko o kēia mau hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻemi wale ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka turf holoʻokoʻa e ka pōʻino ABW i nā pae i manaʻo ʻia he hiki ʻole ke ʻae ʻia e kekahi mau mea pāʻani kolepa. Hiki paha kēia ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka hapa nui (60-80%) o ka turfgrass he bluegrass makahiki. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka pōʻino i ka bentgrass kolo ABW me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano paepae. Manaʻo mākou i mea e hiki ai i kahi papahana insecticide ABW e hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka paepae ke kāohi pono i ka bluegrass makahiki me ka ʻole o kahi papahana PGR, manaʻo mākou e pono e emi ka uhi bluegrass makahiki mua e ʻae iā ABW e hana i ka pōʻino makahiki nui i ka bluegrass me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka lau nahele. Inā ʻae ʻia ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pīpī ʻana i ka insecticide, hōʻike kēia mau hopena he mea liʻiliʻi ka kaohi bluegrass makahiki lōʻihi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka pono o nā hoʻolālā pepehi kanaka paepae ke hui pū ʻia me nā papahana hoʻokele ulu mea kanu. Ua hoʻohana mākou i ka paclobutrazol ma kēia haʻawina, akā hiki i ka fluoropyrimidine ke hoʻopuka i nā hopena like. Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻolālā ABW e pili ana i ka paepae me ka ʻole o kahi hoʻolālā PGR, ʻaʻole paha e kūlike a koʻikoʻi paha ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka bluegrass makahiki no ka mea hiki i ka bluegrass makahiki ke hoʻōla koke mai ka pōʻino i ka hopena o ka pūnāwai. ʻO ke hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaka i nā noi mahina o ka paclobutrazol i ka pūnāwai ma hope o ka haki ʻana o nā poʻo hua, e ʻae iā ABW e hana i ka pōʻino a hiki i ka hiki ʻole ke ʻae ʻia (nā luna a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe), a laila e hoʻopili i nā larvicides ma nā dosis lepili kiʻekiʻe loa e kāohi iā ABW. ʻO kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻohui i kēia mau hoʻolālā ʻelua e hāʻawi i ka kaohi bluegrass makahiki ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kēlā me kēia hoʻolālā wale nō a hāʻawi i nā kahua pāʻani kiʻekiʻe no nā mea āpau koe wale nō hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau pule o ke kau ulu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-25-2024