ʻO ka mahiʻai ka waiwai nui loa ma nā mākeke honua, a ke kū nei nā ʻōnaehana kaiaola i nā pilikia he nui. Ke ulu nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻouluulu kemika ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a he kuleana koʻikoʻi kāna i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua kanu1. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa o nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma kēia ʻano e ulu a oʻo pono ai a no laila ʻaʻole loaʻa nā ʻano mea kanu maikaʻi loa2. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea ʻawahia ʻino loa ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o ke kino kanaka a me ka lepo3. No laila, aia kahi pono e hoʻomohala i nā hopena pili i ke kaiapuni a hoʻomau e hōʻemi i ka pono no nā mea hoʻouluulu kemika. Hiki i nā microorganisms maikaʻi ke lilo i kumu nui o nā mea kūlohelohe biologically active4.
ʻOkoʻa nā kaiāulu Endophytic i loko o nā lau ma muli o nā ʻano mea kanu kikowaena a i ʻole genotype, ke kahua ulu mea kanu, a me ke ʻano o nā mea kanu. 13 Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi he hiki iā Azospirillum, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, a me Enterobacter kehoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. 14 Eia kekahi, ʻo Bacillus lāua ʻo Azospirillum nā ʻano PGPB i aʻo nui ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me ka hua. 15 Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i ka hoʻohui pū ʻana o Azospirillum brasiliensis lāua ʻo Bradyrhizobium i loko o nā legumes ke hoʻonui i ka hua o ka maize, ka palaoa, ka soybean, a me ka pīni kidney. 16, 17 Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hoʻolaha pū ana ka hoʻohui ʻana o Salicornia me Bacillus licheniformis a me nā PGPB ʻē aʻe i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai. 18 Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 lāua ʻo Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa o ka maiʻa ʻono. Pēlā nō, paʻakikī ke ulu ʻana o nā hua fennel ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu maikaʻi ʻole a me ka germination haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana pilikia maloʻo20. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i nā hua me Pseudomonas fluorescens lāua ʻo Trichoderma harzianum i ka ulu mua ʻana o nā mea kanu fennel ma lalo o nā kūlana pilikia maloʻo21. No ka stevia, ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina e loiloi i nā hopena o nā fungi mycorrhizal a me ka rhizobacteria e hoʻoulu ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu (PGPR) i ka hiki o ke kino ke ulu, hōʻiliʻili i nā metabolites lua, a hōʻike i nā genes i komo i ka biosynthesis. Wahi a Rahi et al.22, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea kanu me nā PGPR like ʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ulu ʻana, ka helu kuhikuhi photosynthetic, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o stevioside a me stevioside A. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana o stevia me ka rhizobia e hoʻoulu ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā fungi mycorrhizal arbuscular i hoʻoulu i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu, stevioside, mineral, a me nā ʻike pigment.23 Ua hōʻike ʻo Oviedo-Pereira et al.24 ua hoʻonui nā endophytes irritant Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 a me H5A2 i ka ʻike SG, hoʻoulu i ka nui o ka trichome i nā lau, a hoʻolaha i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā metabolites kikoʻī i nā trichomes, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻolaha i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu;
ʻO GA3 kekahi o nā protein gibberellin-like koʻikoʻi a biologically active31. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana o ka stevia me GA3 ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana o ke kumu a me ka pua32. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi he mea hoʻoulu ʻo GA3 e hoʻoulu ai i nā mea kanu e hana i nā metabolites lua e like me nā antioxidants a me nā pigments, a he ʻano pale pū kekahi33.
Nā pilina phylogenetic o nā isolates e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu komo ʻana o GenBank i loko o nā pale.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hana Amylase, cellulase a me protease ma ke ʻano he mau kāʻei maopopo a puni nā kolone, ʻoiai ʻo nā precipitates keʻokeʻo a puni nā kolone e hōʻike ana i ka hana lipase. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, hiki iā B. paramycoides SrAM4 ke hana i nā hydrolases āpau, ʻoiai hiki iā B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 ke hana i nā enzymes āpau koe wale nō ka cellulase, a ʻo B. licheniformis SrAM2 ke hana wale i ka cellulase.
Ua pili pū kekahi mau ʻano microbial koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka synthesis metabolite lua i nā mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea ʻala74. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia nā antioxidants enzymatic a me nā non-enzymatic āpau ma S. rebaudiana Shou-2 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mana. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi o PGPB ma TPC i ka laiki e Chamam et al.75; Eia kekahi, kūlike kā mākou mau hopena me nā hopena o TPC, TFC, a me DPPH ma S. rebaudiana, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hana hui pū ʻana o Piriformospora indica lāua ʻo Azotobacter chroococcum76. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o TPC a me TFC77 i nā mea kanu basil i mālama ʻia me nā microorganisms i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kanu i mālama ʻole ʻia. Eia kekahi, hiki ke piʻi aʻe ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā antioxidants no ʻelua mau kumu: hoʻoulu nā enzymes hydrolytic i nā ʻano pale pale mea kanu i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano like me nā microorganisms pathogenic a hiki i ka wā e hoʻololi ai ka mea kanu i ka colonization bacteria78. ʻO ka lua, hiki i ka PGPB ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā hui bioactive i hana ʻia ma o ke ala shikimate i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe a me nā microorganisms 79.
Ua hōʻike nā hopena he pilina synergistic ma waena o ka helu lau, ka hōʻike ʻana o ka gene a me ka hana ʻana o SG i ka wā i hoʻopili pū ʻia ai nā ʻano he nui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili pālua ma mua o ka hoʻopili hoʻokahi ma ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka huahana.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā enzymes hydrolytic ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka bacteria ma ka medium agar e loaʻa ana ka substrate indicator a me ka incubation ma 28 °C no 2-5 mau lā. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka bacteria ma ka medium agar starch, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana amylase me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena iodine 100. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana cellulase me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 0.2% aqueous Congo red reagent e like me ke ʻano o Kianngam et al. 101. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hana Protease ma o nā wahi maopopo a puni nā kolone i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka medium agar waiū skim e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e Cui et al. 102. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka lipase 100 ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma ka medium agar Tween.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-06-2025