ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hopena o nā mea ola bacterial a me ka gibberellic acid ma ka ulu ʻana o stevia a me ka hana steviol glycoside ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kāna mau genes coding.

ʻO ka mahiʻai ka waiwai nui loa i nā mākeke honua, a ke kū nei nā ʻōnaehana kaiaola i nā pilikia he nui. Ke ulu nei ka ʻai ʻana o ka honua i nā mea kanu kemika a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻohua ʻana o nā mea kanu1. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa o nā mea kanu i ulu a no laila ʻaʻole loaʻa nā ʻano mea kanu maikaʻi loa. Eia hou, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili nā mea ʻawaʻawa maikaʻi loa i loko o ke kino kanaka a me ka lepo3. No laila, pono e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻonā e pili ana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomau e hōʻemi i ka pono o nā mea kanu kemika. Hiki i nā microorganism maikaʻi ke kumu nui o nā pūhui kūlohelohe olaola4.
ʻOkoʻa nā kaiāulu endophytic i nā lau ma muli o ke ʻano mea kanu hoʻokipa a i ʻole genotype, ka wā ulu o ka mea kanu, a me ka morphology mea kanu. 13 Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki i ka Azospirillum, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, a me Enterobacter kepaipai i ka ulu o ka mea kanu. 14 Eia kekahi, ʻo Bacillus a me Azospirillum ka mea i aʻo nui ʻia PGPB genera e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu a me ka hua. 15 Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o Azospirillum brasiliensis a me Bradyrhizobium i nā legumes hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hua o ka maile, ka palaoa, ka soya, a me ka pīni. 16, 17 Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo ka inoculation o Salicornia me Bacillus licheniformis a me nā PGPB ʻē aʻe synergistically paipai i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai. 18 ʻO Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 a me Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ulu aʻa o ka maiʻa ʻono. Pēlā nō, paʻakikī ka ulu ʻana o nā hua fennel ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui ma lalo o nā kūlana maloʻo20. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i nā hua me Pseudomonas fluorescens a me Trichoderma harzianum i ka ulu mua ʻana o nā mea kanu fennel ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi maloʻo21. No ka stevia, ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina e loiloi i nā hopena o nā fungi mycorrhizal a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu e hoʻoikaika ana i ka rhizobacteria (PGPR) i ka hiki o ke kino ke ulu, hōʻiliʻili i nā metabolites lua, a hōʻike i nā genes i komo i ka biosynthesis. Wahi a Rahi et al.22, inoculation o nā mea kanu me nā PGPRs like ʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ulu ʻana, photosynthetic index, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o stevioside a me stevioside A. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inoculation o stevia me ka mea kanu ulu-hoʻoulu rhizobia a me arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi stimulated mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, stevioside, mineral, a me ka pigmenti al. irritant endophytes Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 a me H5A2 hoʻonui i ka SG maʻiʻo, hoʻoulu i ka trichome density i loko o nā lau, a hoʻoulu i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā metabolites kikoʻī i loko o nā trichomes, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu;
ʻO GA3 kekahi o nā proteine ​​like me ka gibberellin koʻikoʻi a olaola. Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi a me ka pua ʻana o ka stevia me GA3. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi ʻo GA3 kahi mea hoʻoulu e hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu e hana i nā metabolites lua e like me nā antioxidants a me nā puaʻa, a ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea pale33.
ʻO nā pilina phylogenetic o nā mea kaʻawale e pili ana i nā ʻano kānana ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu komo ʻana o GenBank ma nā pale.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hana Amylase, cellulase a me ka protease ma ke ʻano he mau pūʻali maʻemaʻe a puni nā kolone, ʻoiai ke kahe keʻokeʻo a puni nā kolone e hōʻike ana i ka hana lipase. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, hiki i ka B. paramycoides SrAM4 ke hana i nā hydrolases a pau, ʻoiai ʻo B. paraliceniformis SrMA3 hiki ke hana i nā enzyme āpau koe wale ka cellulase, a ʻo B. licheniformis SrAM2 e hoʻopuka i ka cellulase wale nō.
Ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau genera microbial koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka metabolite synthesis lua ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea ʻala ʻala74. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia nā antioxidants enzymatic a me nā non-enzymatic a pau ma S. rebaudiana Shou-2 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mana. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi o PGPB ma TPC i ka laiki e Chamam et al.75; Eia kekahi, ua kūlike kā mākou mau hopena me nā hopena o TPC, TFC, a me DPPH ma S. rebaudiana, ka mea i pili i ka hana hui a Piriformospora indica a me Azotobacter chroococcum76. Ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o TPC a me TFC77 i nā mea kanu basil i mālama ʻia me nā microorganism i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kanu i mālama ʻole ʻia. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā antioxidants no nā kumu ʻelua: hoʻoulu ka hydrolytic enzymes i nā mīkini pale mea kanu i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano like me nā microorganism pathogenic a hiki i ka mea kanu ke hoʻololi i ka colonization bacteria78. ʻO ka lua, hiki i ka PGPB ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūhui bioactive i hana ʻia ma ke ala shikimate i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe a me nā microorganisms 79 .
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i loaʻa kahi pilina synergistic ma waena o ka helu lau, hōʻike gene a me ka hana SG i ka wā i hoʻohui pū ʻia ai nā kānana he nui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka inoculation pālua ma mua o ka inoculation hoʻokahi ma ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka huahana.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā enzyme hydrolytic ma hope o ka inoculation o ka bacteria ma ka media agar i loaʻa ka substrate indicator a me ka incubation ma 28 ° C no 2-5 mau lā. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hua bacteria ma ka media starch agar, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana amylase me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka solution iodine 100. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana Cellulase me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 0.2% aqueous Congo red reagent e like me ke ʻano o Kianngam et al. 101 . Ua ʻike ʻia ka hana Protease ma o nā ʻāpana māmā a puni nā kolone i uhi ʻia ma luna o ka waiu waiū skim e like me ka wehewehe ʻana e Cui et al. 102 . Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka lipase 100 ma hope o ka inoculation ma Tween agar medium.