Ke lawe nei i ka makahiki 2014 ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana o ka honua herbicides aryloxyphenoxypropionate he US $ 1.217 biliona, ʻo ia ka 4.6% o ka mākeke herbicide honua he $ 26.440 biliona a me 1.9% o ka mākeke pesticide honua he $63.212 biliona.ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi e like me nā herbicides e like me nā amino acids a me nā sulfonylureas, he wahi nō hoʻi ia ma ka mākeke herbicide (i ke ono o ke kūʻai honua).
ʻO Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) herbicides i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā mauʻu mauʻu.Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1960 i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ʻo Hoechst (Kelemānia) i ka hui phenyl i ka hale 2,4-D me ka diphenyl ether a hoʻomohala i ka hanauna mua o ka aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides.“Grass Ling”.I ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo A a me B ka ʻōnaehana apo makua. nā ʻātoma i loko o ke apo, e loaʻa ana i kahi moʻo o nā huahana me ka ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe., nā lāʻau lapaʻau koho hou aku.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā herbicide APP
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka ulu ʻana o ka propionic acid herbicides
Mechanism o ka hana
ʻO Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides ka mea nui o ka acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), no laila ke kāohi nei i ka synthesis o nā momona momona, ka hopena i ka synthesis o ka waika oleic, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, a me nā papa waxy a me nā kaʻina cuticle i pāpā ʻia, e hopena i ka wikiwiki. ka luku ʻana i ke ʻano membrane o ka mea kanu, hoʻonui i ka permeability, a ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea kanu.
ʻO kona mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, koho kiʻekiʻe, palekana no nā mea kanu a me ka maʻalahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa ua hoʻoikaika nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā herbicides koho.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau AAP, ʻo ia ke ʻano opika, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā isomers ʻokoʻa ma lalo o ke ʻano kemika hoʻokahi, a ʻokoʻa nā isomers i nā hana herbicidal like ʻole.Ma waena o lākou, hiki i ka R (-) -isomer ke hoʻopaʻa pono i ka hana o ka enzyme i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka auxin a me ka gibberellin i ka mauʻu, a hōʻike i ka hana herbicidal maikaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka S (+) -isomer ʻaʻole pono.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka pono ma waena o nā mea ʻelua he 8-12 mau manawa.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau herbicide APP kālepa i nā esters, e maʻalahi iā lākou ke komo ʻia e nā mauʻu;akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā esters a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka adsorption, no laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi lākou e leach a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka komo ʻana i loko o ka nāhelehele.i ka lepo.
Clodinafop-propargyl
ʻO Propargyl kahi herbicide phenoxypropionate i hoʻomohala ʻia e ciba-Geigy i ka makahiki 1981. ʻO Topic kona inoa kālepa a ʻo kona inoa kemika (R) -2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
ʻO ka Propargyl kahi lāʻau lapaʻau me ka fluorine me ka optically active aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide.Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu ma hope o ka puka ʻana a me ka lau e hoʻomalu i nā mauʻu gramineous i ka palaoa, rai, triticale a me nā māla cereal ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku no ka mauʻu palaoa a me ka mauʻu palaoa.Maikaʻi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā nāhelehele paʻakikī e like me ka oat hihiu.Hoʻohana ʻia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka puka ʻana a me ka lau e mālama ai i nā mauʻu mauʻu makahiki, e like me ka oats hihiu, ka mauʻu ʻeleʻele, ka mauʻu foxtail, ka mauʻu kula, a me ka mauʻu palaoa.ʻO 30 ~ 60g / hm2 ka nui.ʻO ke ʻano hoʻohana kikoʻī: mai ka pae 2-lau o ka palaoa a hiki i ke kahua hoʻohui, e hoʻopili i ka pesticide i ka mauʻu ma ka pae 2-8 lau.I ka hooilo, e hoohana i 20-30 grams o Maiji (15% clofenacetate wettable powder) no ka eka.30-40g o ka nui loa (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable pauda), e hoʻohui i 15-30kg o ka wai a pīpī like.
ʻO ka hana hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona o clodinafop-propargyl he acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors a me ka systemic conductive herbicides.Hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o nā lau a me nā lau lau o ka mea kanu, alakaʻi ʻia ma o ka phloem, a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka meristem o ka mea kanu, e kāohi ana i ka acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Hoʻopau ʻo Coenzyme A carboxylase i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka momona momona, pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell maʻamau a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a hoʻopau i nā hale i loko o ka lipid e like me nā ʻōnaehana membrane, a hiki i ka make ke kanu.ʻO ka manawa mai ka clodinafop-propargyl a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka mauʻu he lohi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o 1 a 3 mau pule.
ʻO nā hana nui o clodinafop-propargyl he 8%, 15%, 20%, a me 30% aqueous emulsions, 15% a me 24% microemulsions, 15% a me 20% wettable powders, a me 8% a me 14% dispersible oil suspensions.24% cream.
Hoʻohuihui
(R)-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid i hana mua ia e ka hopena o ka α-chloropropionic acid a me ka hydroquinone, a laila etherified me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hana ia me ka chloropropyne e loaʻa ai ka clodinafop-propargyl.Ma hope o ka crystallization, hiki i ka ʻike huahana i 97% a 98%, a hiki i ka huina o ka hua i 85%.
Kūlana i waho
Hōʻike ka ʻikepili Customs i ka makahiki 2019, ua lawe aku koʻu ʻāina i ka huina o 35.77 miliona US kālā (nā helu helu ʻole, me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau).Ma waena o lākou, ʻo Kazakhstan ka ʻāina lawe mua, ka mea e lawe mai i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, me ka nui o 8.6515 miliona US kālā, ukali ʻia e Rūsia, me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana.ʻO ke kolu o ka wahi ʻo Netherlands, me ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o US $3.582 miliona.Eia kekahi, ʻo Kanada, India, ʻIseraʻela, Sudan a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe nā wahi hoʻopuka nui o clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
ʻO Cyhalofop-ethyl kahi lāʻau lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā i hoʻomohala ʻia a hana ʻia e Dow AgroSciences ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1987. ʻO ia wale nō ka aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide i palekana loa no ka laiki.I ka makahiki 1998, ʻo Dow AgroSciences o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka mea mua i hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka ʻenehana cyhalofop ma koʻu ʻāina.Ua pau ka patent i ka makahiki 2006, a ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana ma hope o kekahi.Ma 2007, kahi ʻoihana kūloko (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) i hoʻopaʻa inoa no ka manawa mua.
ʻO Clincher ka inoa kālepa o Dow, a ʻo kona inoa kemika (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (mea hana ikaika: 10% cyhalomefen EC) a me Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), i lilo i mea kaulana i ka mākeke Kina, maikaʻi loa a palekana.Noho ʻo ia i ka mākeke nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau laiki ma koʻu ʻāina.
ʻO Cyhalofop-ethyl, e like me nā lāʻau herbicides aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid ʻē aʻe, he mea hoʻoheheʻe hoʻohuihui momona momona a pale i ka acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Hoʻopili nui ʻia e nā lau a ʻaʻohe hana lepo.He ʻōnaehana ʻo Cyhalofop-ethyl a komo wikiwiki ʻia e nā ʻiʻo mea kanu.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kemika, pau koke ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu, hele mai ka melemele i loko o 2 a 7 mau lā, a lilo ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa i necrotic a make i loko o 2 a 3 mau pule.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Cyhalofop ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai e hoʻomalu i nā nāhelehele gramineous ma nā māla raiki.He 75-100g/hm2 ka nui o ka laiki wela, a he 180-310g/hm2 ka laiki ma'amau.He mea maikaʻi loa ia e kūʻē iā Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, mauʻu ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, etc.
E hoʻohana i ka 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC ma ke ʻano he laʻana.Ma ka pae 1.5-2.5 lau o ka barnyardgrass ma nā māla hua laiki a me ka pae 2-3 lau o stephanotis ma nā māla laiki i hoʻohua pololei ʻia, ua kāpīpī ʻia nā ʻōpala a me nā lau me ka noe maikaʻi.E hoʻokahe i ka wai ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pesticide i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2/3 o nā ʻōpala a me nā lau nahele e ʻike i ka wai.E hoʻoinu i loko o 24 mau hola a 72 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pesticide, a mālama i kahi papa wai 3-5 cm no 5-7 mau lā.Mai hoʻohana ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia kau ulu laiki.Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mea ʻawaʻawa kēia lāʻau i nā arthropod aquatic, no laila e pale i ka kahe ʻana i nā wahi iʻa.Ke hui pū ʻia me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau laulaʻa, hōʻike paha ia i nā hopena antagonistic, e hoʻemi ana i ka pono o ka cyhalofop.
ʻO kāna mau ʻano hana nui: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15% , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop oil suspension (10%, 20%, 30% , 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible oil hoʻomaha (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);ʻO nā mea hoʻohui pū me ka oxafop-propyl a me ka penoxsufen Compound of amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, etc.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-24-2024