1. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ke ʻano:
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka waiʻona makuahine: 99% TC i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ethanol a i ʻole ka waiʻona alkali (e like me 0.1% NaOH), a laila hoʻohui ʻia ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka manaʻo.
Nā ʻano hoʻohana maʻamau:
ʻO ka pulu lau: ka hana ʻana i 0.1-0.5% AS a i ʻole WP.
Ka wai aʻa: 0.05-0.1% SL .
2. Loaʻa ka ʻai a me ka pinepine:
| ʻAno ʻAi | Hoʻohana ʻia ka manaʻo | Ke ano o ka noi | Ka pinepine | wā pilikia |
| Nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu (ʻōmato/strawberry) | 50-100 ppm | ʻūhā lau | 7-10 mau lā i ka manawa, 2-3 manawa | ʻO ka pae ʻokoʻa o nā pua pua/7 lā ma mua o ka pilikia |
| Mala (palaoa/laiki) | 20-50 ppm | Ka wai aʻa | 1 manawa | Kaʻina mahiʻai/ma mua o ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua ʻana o ka nalu anu |
| Nā lāʻau hua (apple/alani) | 100-200 ppm | Lālau lāʻau | 1 manawa | Ka mālama ʻana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻeha |
3. ʻO ka kapu a me ka hui ʻana:
Hōʻalo i ka hui ʻana me nā mea hoʻomākaukau keleawe (e like me ka hui ʻana o Bordeaux) a i ʻole nā pesticides acidic ikaika, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi.
Hoʻopau ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe (> 35℃) a i ʻole ke kukui ikaika, i ʻole e wela ka maka.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-01-2025