Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻuku pest mahiʻai ʻo ia kekahi o nā hui olaola paʻakikī e kāohi i ka honua. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea ʻino mite maʻamau ka hapa nui o nā ʻuku spider mites a me nā ʻuku gall, nona ka hiki ke luku ikaika i nā mea kanu waiwai e like me nā lāʻau hua, nā mea kanu, a me nā pua. ʻO ka nui a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā acaricides mahiʻai i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi i nā ʻuku herbivorous ʻo ia ka lua ma hope o Lepidoptera a me Homoptera i waena o nā insecticides mahiʻai a me nā acaricides. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma muli o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā acaricides a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i nā mea hana artificial. ʻO ke kumu, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kūʻē ʻana, a ua kokoke e hoʻomohala i nā acaricides kiʻekiʻe hou me nā ʻano hou a me nā ʻano hana kūikawā.
E hoʻolauna kēia ʻatikala iā ʻoe i kahi ʻano hou o ka benzoylacetonitrile acaricide - fenflunomide. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka huahana e Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. o Iapana a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 2017. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻuku pest ma nā mea kanu e like me nā lāʻau hua, nā mea kanu a me nā lāʻau kī, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā ʻuku pest i hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē.
ʻAno maʻamau
Inoa maʻamau Pelekane: Cyflumetofen; CAS No.: 400882-07-7; ʻAno molekala: C24H24F3NO4; Kaumaha molekala: 447.4; Inoa kemika: 2-methoxyethyl-(R,S)-2-(4-tert. Butylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-oxo-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl); ʻo ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.
He acaricide pepehi ʻōpū ʻo Butflufenafen me nā waiwai ʻōnaehana ʻole, a ʻo kāna ʻano hana nui, ʻo ia ke kāohi ʻana i ka hanu mitochondrial o nā mites. Ma o ka de-esterification in vivo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano hydroxyl, kahi e hoʻopilikia a kāohi ai i ka mitochondrial protein complex II, keakea i ka hoʻoili electron (hydrogen), luku i ka hana phosphorylation, a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi lolo a me ka make o nā mites.
Nā ʻano hana o cyflumetofen
(1) Hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokahi wale nō kakini grama no kēlā me kēia mu o ka ʻāina i hoʻohana ʻia, haʻahaʻa-kalapona, palekana a pili i ke kaiapuni;
(2) ʻAno ākea. Kūpono i nā ʻano ʻuku pest āpau;
(3) Koho nui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena pepehi kūikawā i nā ʻuku ʻino, a he liʻiliʻi ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā meaola ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā ʻuku ʻai;
(4) Ka piha ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea kanu māla waho a me nā mea kanu i pale ʻia e kāohi i nā mites i nā pae ulu like ʻole o nā hua manu, nā larvae, nā nymphs a me nā mākua, a hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka ʻenehana kaohi olaola;
(5) Nā hopena wikiwiki a mau loa. I loko o 4 mau hola, e pau ka ʻai ʻana o nā mites ʻino, a e palaho nā mites i loko o 12 mau hola, a maikaʻi ka hopena wikiwiki; a he hopena lōʻihi kona, a hiki i hoʻokahi noi ke kāohi i kahi manawa lōʻihi;
(6) ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau. He ʻano hana kūikawā kona, ʻaʻohe kūʻē ʻana me nā acaricides e kū nei, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi no nā mites ke hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē ʻana iā ia;
(7) Hoʻololi koke ʻia a palaho ʻia i loko o ka lepo a me ka wai, kahi palekana no nā mea kanu a me nā meaola ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia e like me nā mammals a me nā meaola wai, nā meaola maikaʻi, a me nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. He mea hana hoʻokele kū'ē maikaʻi ia.
Nā Mākeke Honua a me nā Hoʻopaʻa Inoa
I ka makahiki 2007, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻia a kūʻai ʻia aku ka fenflufen ma Iapana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a kūʻai ʻia aku ka bufenflunom ma Iapana, Brazil, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kina, Kōlea Hema, ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kūʻai nui ʻia aku ma Brazil, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, a pēlā aku, e helu ana ma kahi o 70% o nā kūʻai honua; ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana ka kaohi ʻana i nā mites ma nā lāʻau hua e like me ka citrus a me nā ʻāpala, e helu ana ma mua o 80% o nā kūʻai honua.
EU: Ua helu ʻia ma ka EU Annex 1 i ka makahiki 2010 a ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma 2013, kūpono a hiki i ka lā 31 Mei 2023.
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: Ua kākau inoa kūhelu ʻia me ka EPA i ka makahiki 2014, a ua ʻāpono ʻia e Kaleponi i ka makahiki 2015. No nā ʻupena lāʻau (nā māhele mea kanu 14-12), nā pea (nā māhele mea kanu 11-10), nā citrus (nā māhele mea kanu 10-10), nā hua waina, nā ʻōpena, nā tōmato a me nā mea kanu ʻāina.
Kanada: Ua ʻāpono ʻia no ke kākau inoa ʻana e ka Health Canada's Pest Management Agency (PMRA) i ka makahiki 2014.
Palakila: Ua ʻāpono ʻia i ka makahiki 2013. Wahi a ka nīnau a ka pūnaewele, a hiki i kēia manawa, he hoʻokahi wale nō mahele o 200g/L SC, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka citrus e kāohi i nā ʻuku ʻumiʻumi poni, nā ʻāpala e kāohi i nā ʻuku nananana ʻāpala, a me ke kofe e kāohi i nā ʻuku ʻumiʻumi poni-ʻulaʻula, nā ʻuku ʻili liʻiliʻi, a pēlā aku.
Kina: Wahi a ka China Pesticide Information Network, aia ʻelua mau hoʻopaʻa inoa o ka fenflufenac ma Kina. ʻO kekahi he mahele hoʻokahi o 200g/L SC, i mālama ʻia e FMC. mites. ʻO kekahi ʻo ke kākau inoa loea i mālama ʻia e Japan Ouite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
ʻAukekulelia: I Dekemaba 2021, ua hoʻolaha ka Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Administration (APVMA) i ka ʻāpono a me ke kākau inoa ʻana o 200 g/L buflufenacil suspension mai Dekemaba 14, 2021 a Ianuali 11, 2022. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi i nā ʻano mites like ʻole i loko o ka pome, almond, citrus, grape, huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, strawberry a me nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi pale i loko o nā strawberry, nā tōmato a me nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-10-2022