ʻO Spinosad Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe CAS 131929-60-7 me ka Hoʻouna wikiwiki
Wehewehe Huahana
He haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia o Spinosad, kiʻekiʻe ka pono,Fungicide ākea ākeaA ua hoʻohana ʻia a puni ka honua no kaka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻino like ʻole, me Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera a me Hymenoptera, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Spinosad he huahana kūlohelohe, no laila ua ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahiʻai organik e nā lāhui he nui.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻano hana
1. No ka mea kanukaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻinoo ka moth diamondback, e hoʻohana i ka 2.5% suspending agent 1000-1500 mau manawa o ka hopena e pīpī like i ke kahua kiʻekiʻe o nā larvae ʻōpio, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka 2.5% suspending agent 33-50ml i 20-50kg o ka wai e pīpī i kēlā me kēia 667m2.
2. No ke kāohi ʻana i ka ilo beet, e pīpī i ka wai me ka 2.5% suspension agent 50-100ml i kēlā me kēia 667 mika kuea i ke kahua larval mua, a ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ke ahiahi.
3. No ka pale ʻana a me ke kāohi ʻana i nā thrips, i kēlā me kēia 667 mika kuea, e hoʻohana i ka 2.5% mea hoʻokuʻu 33-50ml e pīpī i ka wai, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka 2.5% mea hoʻokuʻu 1000-1500 mau manawa o ka wai e pīpī like ai, e kālele ana i nā ʻiʻo ʻōpio e like me nā pua, nā hua ʻōpio, nā wēlau a me nā wana.
Nā Manaʻo
1. Hiki ke lilo i mea ʻawahia i nā iʻa a i ʻole nā meaola wai ʻē aʻe, a pono e pale ʻia ka haumia o nā kumu wai a me nā loko.
2. E mālama i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi maloʻo a me kahi anuanu.
3. ʻEhiku lā ka manawa ma waena o ka hoʻopili hope loa ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana. E pale i ka ua ʻana i loko o 24 mau hola ma hope o ka pīpī ʻana.
4. E makaʻala i ka palekana pilikino. Inā pīpī i loko o nā maka, e holoi koke me ka nui o ka wai. Inā pili i ka ʻili a i ʻole ke kapa, e holoi me ka nui o ka wai a i ʻole ka wai kopa. Inā lawe hewa ʻia, mai hoʻoulu i ka luaʻi ʻana iā ʻoe iho, mai hānai i kekahi mea a i ʻole e hoʻoulu i ka luaʻi ʻana i nā maʻi i ala ʻole a i ʻole he ʻūlū. Pono e hoʻouna koke ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka haukapila no ka mālama ʻana.
ʻAno hana
He mea hou loa a kū hoʻokahi ke ʻano hana o ka polycidin, he ʻokoʻa ia mai nā macrolides maʻamau, a ʻo kona ʻano kemika kū hoʻokahi e hoʻoholo ai i kāna ʻano hana insecticidal kū hoʻokahi. Loaʻa iā Polycidin ka hoʻopili wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻawaʻawa i nā pepeke. Loaʻa iā ia nā hōʻailona ʻawaʻawa kū hoʻokahi o nā mea nerve. ʻO kāna ʻano hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve o nā pepeke, hoʻonui i kāna hana kūʻokoʻa, a alakaʻi i ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo hana ʻole, ka hāʻule ʻana, me ka haʻalulu a me ka maʻi lolo. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻāla mau ʻia ka nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nChR) e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka acetylcholine (Ach) lōʻihi. Hana pū ʻo Polycidin i nā mea hoʻokipa γ-aminobutyric acid (GAGB), e hoʻololi ana i ka hana o nā kahawai chlorine GABA a hoʻonui hou i kāna hana insecticidal.
Alanui hōʻino
ʻO ke koena o nā pesticides i ke kaiapuni e pili ana i ka "kaumaha kiʻekiʻe loa" o nā pesticides i loaʻa i ke kaiapuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi ʻāina a me kahi manawa, no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke olaola a me ka hua o nā huahana mahiʻai a ʻaʻole e uhaki i ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka "kaumaha kiʻekiʻe loa" he waiwai paepae hoʻi ia e ana i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni o nā pesticides, a he loli hoʻi ia e emi mālie ana me ka loli o ka manawa a me nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. Inā ʻaʻole ia e ʻoi aku ma mua o kēia paepae, ua kūpono ka mea palekana o ke kaiapuni o nā pesticides. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke ʻo Polycidin i ke kaiapuni ma o nā ala like ʻole, ʻo ka photodegradation a me ka microbial degradation, a hope loa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā ʻāpana kūlohelohe e like me ke kalapona, hydrogen, oxygen, a me ka nitrogen, no laila ʻaʻole e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka hapalua ola photodegradation o polycidin i ka lepo he 9 ~ 10 mau lā, ʻo ka ʻili o ka lau he 1.6 ~ 16 mau lā, a ʻo ka wai he emi ma mua o 1 lā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili ka hapalua ola i ka ikaika o ke kukui, i ka nele o ke kukui, ʻo ka hapalua ola o ka multicidin e ka metabolism lepo aerobic he 9 a 17 mau lā. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke koina hoʻoili nuipa lepo o polycidin he medium K (5 ~ 323), haʻahaʻa loa kona solubility i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke ʻia, no laila haʻahaʻa loa ka hana leaching o polycidin, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia, a palekana hoʻi no nā kumu wai ma lalo o ka honua.
